2020-03-25 15:32:25 +07:00
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< title > 自作ISAのためのLLVMバックエンドを書く薄い本< / title >
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< / style >
< link rel = "stylesheet" href = "https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/4.7.0/css/font-awesome.min.css" >
< / head >
< body class = "article toc2 toc-left" >
< div id = "header" >
< h1 > 自作ISAのためのLLVMバックエンドを書く薄い本< / h1 >
< div class = "details" >
< span id = "author" class = "author" > 艮 鮟鱇< / span > < br >
< span id = "email" class = "email" > < a href = "mailto:ushitora@anqou.net" > ushitora@anqou.net< / a > < / span > < br >
< / div >
< div id = "toc" class = "toc2" >
< div id = "toctitle" > Table of Contents< / div >
< ul class = "sectlevel1" >
< li > < a href = "#_fixme" > FIXME< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "#_この文書について" > この文書について< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "#_llvmバックエンド概略" > LLVMバックエンド概略< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "#_ところで" > ところで< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "#_参考にすべき文献" > 参考にすべき文献< / a >
< ul class = "sectlevel2" >
< li > < a href = "#_webページ" > Webページ< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "#_書籍" > 書籍< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "#_バックエンド" > バックエンド< / a > < / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li > < a href = "#_isaの仕様を決める" > ISAの仕様を決める< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "#_スケルトンバックエンドを追加する" > スケルトンバックエンドを追加する< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "#_llvmをビルドする" > LLVMをビルドする< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "#_アセンブラを作る" > アセンブラを作る< / a >
< ul class = "sectlevel2" >
< li > < a href = "#_簡易的なアセンブラを実装する" > 簡易的なアセンブラを実装する< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "#_cahpinstprinter_を実装する" > < code > CAHPInstPrinter< / code > を実装する< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "#_テストを書く" > テストを書く< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "#_メモリ演算を追加する" > メモリ演算を追加する< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "#_属性を指定する" > 属性を指定する< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "#_ディスアセンブラを実装する" > ディスアセンブラを実装する< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "#_relocationとfixupに対応する" > relocationとfixupに対応する< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "#_hi_と_lo_に対応する" > < code > %hi< / code > と < code > %lo< / code > に対応する< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "#_li_a0_foo_をエラーにする" > < code > li a0, foo< / code > をエラーにする< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "#_llvm_objdump_の調査" > llvm-objdump の調査< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "#_hlt_疑似命令を追加する" > < code > hlt< / code > 疑似命令を追加する< / a > < / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li > < a href = "#_コード生成部を作る" > コード生成部を作る< / a >
< ul class = "sectlevel2" >
< li > < a href = "#_コンパイラのスケルトンを作成する" > コンパイラのスケルトンを作成する< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "#_基本的な演算に対応する" > 基本的な演算に対応する< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "#_定数の実体化に対応する" > 定数の実体化に対応する< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "#_メモリ演算に対応する" > メモリ演算に対応する< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "#_relocationに対応する" > relocationに対応する< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "#_条件分岐に対応する" > 条件分岐に対応する< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "#_関数呼び出しに対応する" > 関数呼び出しに対応する< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "#_関数プロローグエピローグを実装する" > 関数プロローグ・エピローグを実装する< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "#_frame_pointer_eliminationを実装する" > frame pointer eliminationを実装する< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "#_select_に対応する" > < code > select< / code > に対応する< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "#_frameindex_をlowerする" > < code > FrameIndex< / code > をlowerする。< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "#_大きなスタックフレームに対応する" > 大きなスタックフレームに対応する< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "#_setcc_に対応する" > < code > SETCC< / code > に対応する< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "#_externalsymbol_に対応する" > < code > ExternalSymbol< / code > に対応する< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "#_jump_tableを無効化する" > jump tableを無効化する< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "#_インラインアセンブリに対応する" > インラインアセンブリに対応する< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "#_fastccに対応する" > fastccに対応する< / a > < / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li > < a href = "#_cコンパイラに仕立てる" > Cコンパイラに仕立てる< / a >
< ul class = "sectlevel2" >
< li > < a href = "#_lldにcahpバックエンドを追加する" > LLDにCAHPバックエンドを追加する< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "#_clangをcahpに対応させる" > ClangをCAHPに対応させる< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "#_crt0_o_と_cahp_lds_の導入" > < code > crt0.o< / code > と < code > cahp.lds< / code > の導入< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "#_nmagic_の有効化" > < code > --nmagic< / code > の有効化< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "#_libcの有効化" > libcの有効化< / a > < / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li > < a href = "#_まともなコードを生成する" > まともなコードを生成する< / a >
< ul class = "sectlevel2" >
< li > < a href = "#_分岐解析に対応する" > 分岐解析に対応する< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "#_branch_relaxationに対応する" > branch relaxationに対応する< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "#_16bit命令を活用する" > 16bit命令を活用する< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "#_jal_を活用する" > < code > jal< / code > を活用する< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "#_命令スケジューリングを設定する" > 命令スケジューリングを設定する< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "#_末尾再帰に対応する" > 末尾再帰に対応する< / a > < / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li > < a href = "#_落ち穂拾い" > 落ち穂拾い< / a >
< ul class = "sectlevel2" >
< li > < a href = "#_スタックを利用した引数渡し" > スタックを利用した引数渡し< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "#_byval_の対応" > < code > byval< / code > の対応< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "#_動的なスタック領域確保に対応する" > 動的なスタック領域確保に対応する< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "#_emergency_spillに対応する" > emergency spillに対応する< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "#_可変長引数関数に対応する" > 可変長引数関数に対応する< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "#_単体の_sextzexttrunc_に対応する" > 単体の < code > sext/zext/trunc< / code > に対応する< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "#_乗算に対応する" > 乗算に対応する< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "#_除算剰余に対応する" > 除算・剰余に対応する< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "#_frameaddrreturnaddr_に対応する" > < code > frameaddr/returnaddr< / code > に対応する< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "#_rotlrotrbswapcttzctlzctpop_に対応する" > < code > ROTL/ROTR/BSWAP/CTTZ/CTLZ/CTPOP< / code > に対応する< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "#_32bitのシフトに対応する" > 32bitのシフトに対応する< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "#_間接ジャンプに対応する" > 間接ジャンプに対応する< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "#_blockaddress_のlowerに対応する" > < code > BlockAddress< / code > のlowerに対応する< / a > < / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li > < a href = "#_参考文献" > 参考文献< / a > < / li >
< / ul >
< / div >
< / div >
< div id = "content" >
< div class = "sect1" >
< h2 id = "_fixme" > FIXME< / h2 >
< div class = "sectionbody" >
< div class = "paragraph" >
< p > 文中のFIXME他直すべきものをここにリストにする。< / p >
< / div >
< div class = "ulist" >
< ul >
< li >
< p > だ・である調をです・ます調に変える。< / p >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / div >
< / div >
< / div >
< div class = "sect1" >
< h2 id = "_この文書について" > この文書について< / h2 >
< div class = "sectionbody" >
< div class = "paragraph" >
< p > この文書はAsciiDocを用いて執筆されています。< / p >
< / div >
< div class = "paragraph" >
< p > この文書はGitによって管理され、
< a href = "https://github.com/ushitora-anqou/write-your-llvm-backend" > GitHubリポジトリにて
公開されています< / a > 。< / p >
< / div >
< div class = "paragraph" >
< p > この作品は、クリエイティブ・コモンズの 表示 4.0 国際 ライセンスで提供されています。ライセンスの写しをご覧になるには、 < a href = "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" class = "bare" > http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/< / a > をご覧頂くか、Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA までお手紙をお送りください。< / p >
< / div >
< div class = "paragraph" >
< p > 本文書の内容は筆者が独自に調査したものです。
< strong > 疑う余地なく誤りが含まれます< / strong > 。誤りに気づかれた方はGitHubリポジトリなどを通じて
ご連絡ください。< / p >
< / div >
< / div >
< / div >
< div class = "sect1" >
< h2 id = "_llvmバックエンド概略" > LLVMバックエンド概略< / h2 >
< div class = "sectionbody" >
< div class = "paragraph" >
< p > 本書ではRISC-V風味の独自ISAを例にLLVMバックエンドを開発します。< / p >
< / div >
< div class = "paragraph" >
< p > 使用するLLVMのバージョンはv9.0.0です。< / p >
< / div >
< / div >
< / div >
< div class = "sect1" >
< h2 id = "_ところで" > ところで< / h2 >
< div class = "sectionbody" >
< div class = "paragraph" >
< p > 一度もコンパイラを書いたことがない人は、この文書を読む前に
『低レイヤを知りたい人のためのCコンパイラ作成入門』< a href = "#rui-compilerbook" > [50]< / a > などで一度
フルスクラッチからコンパイラを書くことをおすすめします。< / p >
< / div >
< div class = "paragraph" >
< p > また< a href = "#krister-writing_gcc_backend" > [51]< / a > などを参考に、
LLVMではなくGCCにバックエンドを追加することも検討してみてはいかがでしょうか。< / p >
< / div >
< / div >
< / div >
< div class = "sect1" >
< h2 id = "_参考にすべき文献" > 参考にすべき文献< / h2 >
< div class = "sectionbody" >
< div class = "paragraph" >
< p > LLVMバックエンドを開発する際に参考にできる書籍やWebサイトを以下に一覧します。
なおこの文書では、RISC-Vバックエンド及びそれに関する技術資料を< strong > 大いに< / strong > 参考しています。< / p >
< / div >
< div class = "sect2" >
< h3 id = "_webページ" > Webページ< / h3 >
< div class = "ulist" >
< ul >
< li >
< p > Writing an LLVM Backend< a href = "#llvm-writing_backend" > [18]< / a > < / p >
< div class = "ulist" >
< ul >
< li >
< p > 分かりにくく読みにくい。正直あんまり見ていないが、たまに眺めると有益な情報を見つけたりもする。< / p >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / div >
< / li >
< li >
< p > The LLVM Target-Independent Code Generator< a href = "#llvm-code_generator" > [31]< / a > < / p >
< div class = "ulist" >
< ul >
< li >
< p > < a href = "#llvm-writing_backend" > [18]< / a > よりもよほど参考になる。LLVMバックエンドがどのようにLLVM IRをアセンブリに落とすかが明記されている。必読。< / p >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / div >
< / li >
< li >
< p > TableGenのLLVMのドキュメント< a href = "#llvm-tablegen" > [21]< / a > < / p >
< div class = "ulist" >
< ul >
< li >
< p > 情報量が少ない。これを読むよりも各種バックエンドのTableGenファイルを読むほうが良い。< / p >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / div >
< / li >
< li >
< p > LLVM Language Reference Manual< a href = "#llvm-langref" > [43]< / a > < / p >
< div class = "ulist" >
< ul >
< li >
< p > LLVM IRについての言語リファレンス。LLVM IRの仕様などを参照できる。必要に応じて読む。< / p >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / div >
< / li >
< li >
< p > Architecture & Platform Information for Compiler Writers< a href = "#llvm-compilerwriterinfo" > [68]< / a > < / p >
< div class = "ulist" >
< ul >
< li >
< p > LLVMで公式に実装されているバックエンドに関するISAの情報が集約されている。Lanaiの言語仕様へのリンクが貴重。< / p >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / div >
< / li >
< li >
< p > RISC-V support for LLVM projects< a href = "#github_riscv-llvm" > [10]< / a > < / p >
< div class = "ulist" >
< ul >
< li >
< p > < strong > どちゃくそに参考になる< / strong > 。以下の開発はこれに基づいて行う。< / p >
< / li >
< li >
< p > LLVMにRISC-Vサポートを追加するパッチ群。バックエンドを開発するためのチュートリアルも兼ねているらしく < code > docs/< / code > 及びそれと対応したpatchが参考になる。< / p >
< / li >
< li >
< p > またこれについて、開発者が2018 LLVM Developers' Meetingで登壇したときの動画は< a href = "#youtube_llvm-backend-development-by-example" > [11]< / a > より閲覧できる。スライドは< a href = "#speakerdeck-llvm_backend_development" > [30]< / a > より閲覧できる。< / p >
< / li >
< li >
< p > そのときのCoding Labは< a href = "#lowrisc-devmtg18" > [48]< / a > より閲覧できる。< / p >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / div >
< / li >
< li >
< p > Create an LLVM Backend for the Cpu0 Architecture< a href = "#cpu0" > [35]< / a > < / p >
< div class = "ulist" >
< ul >
< li >
< p > Cpu0という独自アーキテクチャのLLVMバックエンドを作成するチュートリアル。多少古いが、内容が網羅的で参考になる。英語が怪しい。< / p >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / div >
< / li >
< li >
< p > FPGA開発日記< a href = "#fpga_develop_diary" > [44]< / a > < / p >
< div class = "ulist" >
< ul >
< li >
< p > Cpu0の資料< a href = "#cpu0" > [35]< / a > をもとに1からRISC-Vバックエンドを作成する過程がブログエントリとして公開されている。GitHubに実装も公開されている< a href = "#fpga_develop_diary-llvm" > [65]< / a > 。< / p >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / div >
< / li >
< li >
< p > ELVMバックエンド< a href = "#elvm-llvm_backend" > [36]< / a > < / p >
< div class = "ulist" >
< ul >
< li >
< p > 限られた命令でLLVM IRの機能を達成する例として貴重。でも意外とISAはリッチだったりする。< / p >
< / li >
< li >
< p > 作成者のスライドも参考になる< a href = "#elvm-slide" > [37]< / a > 。< / p >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / div >
< / li >
< li >
< p > 2018年度東大CPU実験で開発されたLLVM Backend< a href = "#todai_llvm_backend" > [40]< / a > < / p >
< div class = "ulist" >
< ul >
< li >
< p > これについて書かれたAdCのエントリもある< a href = "#todai_llvm_backend-article" > [41]< / a > 。< / p >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / div >
< / li >
< li >
< p > Tutorial: Building a backend in 24 hours< a href = "#llvm-anton_korobeynikov_2012" > [45]< / a > < / p >
< div class = "ulist" >
< ul >
< li >
< p > LLVMバックエンドの大まかな動きについてざっとまとめたあと、 < code > ret< / code > だけが定義された最低限のLLVMバックエンド ("stub backend") を構成している。< / p >
< / li >
< li >
< p > Instruction Selection の説明にある < strong > Does bunch of magic and crazy pattern-matching< / strong > が好き。< / p >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / div >
< / li >
< li >
< p > 2017 LLVM Developers’ Meeting: M. Braun "Welcome to the back-end: The LLVM machine representation"< a href = "#llvm-welcome_to_the_back_end_2017" > [46]< / a > < / p >
< div class = "ulist" >
< ul >
< li >
< p > スライドも公開されている< a href = "#welcome_to_the_back_end-slides" > [135]< / a > 。< / p >
< / li >
< li >
< p > 命令選択が終わったあとの中間表現であるLLVM MIR
( < code > MachineFunction< / code > や < code > MachineInstr< / code > など)や、それに対する操作の解説。
RegStateやframe index・register scavengerなどの説明が貴重。< / p >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / div >
< / li >
< li >
< p > Howto: Implementing LLVM Integrated Assembler< a href = "#ean10-howto-llvmas" > [47]< / a > < / p >
< div class = "ulist" >
< ul >
< li >
< p > LLVM上でアセンブラを書くためのチュートリアル。アセンブラ単体に焦点を絞ったものは珍しい。< / p >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / div >
< / li >
< li >
< p > Building an LLVM Backend< a href = "#LLVMBackend_2015_03_26_v2" > [49]< / a > < / p >
< div class = "ulist" >
< ul >
< li >
< p > 対応するレポジトリが< a href = "#github-frasercrmck_llvm_leg" > [54]< / a > にある。< / p >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / div >
< / li >
< li >
< p > [LLVMdev] backend documentation< a href = "#llvm_dev_ml-059799" > [116]< / a > < / p >
< div class = "ulist" >
< ul >
< li >
< p > llvm-devメーリングリストのバックエンドのよいドキュメントは無いかというスレッド。Cpu0とTriCoreが挙げられているが、深くまで記述したものは無いという回答。< / p >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / div >
< / li >
< li >
< p > TriCore Backend< a href = "#tricore-llvm" > [118]< / a > < / p >
< div class = "ulist" >
< ul >
< li >
< p > TriCoreというアーキテクチャ用のバックエンドを書いたという論文。スライドもある< a href = "#tricore-llvm-slides" > [117]< / a > 。ソースコードもGitHub上に上がっているが、どれが公式かわからない< sup class = "footnote" > [< a id = "_footnoteref_1" class = "footnote" href = "#_footnotedef_1" title = "View footnote." > 1< / a > ]< / sup > 。< / p >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / div >
< / li >
< li >
< p > Life of an instruction in LLVM< a href = "#life_of_an_instruction" > [136]< / a > < / p >
< div class = "ulist" >
< ul >
< li >
< p > Cコードからassemblyまでの流れを概観。< / p >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / div >
< / li >
< li >
< p > LLVM Backendの紹介< a href = "#llvm_backend_intro" > [138]< / a > < / p >
< div class = "ulist" >
< ul >
< li >
< p > 「コンパイラ勉強会」< sup class = "footnote" > [< a id = "_footnoteref_2" class = "footnote" href = "#_footnotedef_2" title = "View footnote." > 2< / a > ]< / sup > < / a > 。]での、LLVMバックエンドの大きな流れ( 特に命令選択) について概観した日本語スライド。< / p >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / div >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / div >
< / div >
< div class = "sect2" >
< h3 id = "_書籍" > 書籍< / h3 >
< div class = "ulist" >
< ul >
< li >
< p > 『きつねさんでもわかるLLVM〜コンパイラを自作するためのガイドブック〜』< a href = "#fox-llvm" > [7]< / a > < / p >
< div class = "ulist" >
< ul >
< li >
< p > 数少ない日本語資料。Passやバックエンドの各クラスについて説明している。< a href = "#llvm-code_generator" > [31]< / a > と合わせて大まかな流れを掴むのに良い。< / p >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / div >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / div >
< div class = "paragraph" >
< p > なおLLVMについてGoogleで検索していると"LLVM Cookbook"なる謎の書籍(の電子コピー)が
見つかるが、内容はLLVM公式文書のパクリのようだ< a href = "#amazon-llvm_cookbook-customer_review" > [139]< / a > 。< / p >
< / div >
< / div >
< div class = "sect2" >
< h3 id = "_バックエンド" > バックエンド< / h3 >
< div class = "ulist" >
< ul >
< li >
< p > RISC-V< a href = "#riscv" > [5]< / a > < / p >
< div class = "ulist" >
< ul >
< li >
< p > パッチ群が開発ドキュメントとともに公開されている< a href = "#github_riscv-llvm" > [10]< / a > 。以降の開発はこれをベースに行う。< / p >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / div >
< / li >
< li >
< p > Lanai< a href = "#lanai-isa" > [103]< / a > < / p >
< div class = "ulist" >
< ul >
< li >
< p > Googleが開発した32bit RISCの謎アーキテクチャ。全く実用されていないが、バックエンドが単純に設計されておりコメントも豊富のためかなり参考になる< sup class = "footnote" > [< a id = "_footnoteref_3" class = "footnote" href = "#_footnotedef_3" title = "View footnote." > 3< / a > ]< / sup > 。< sup class = "footnote" > [< a id = "_footnoteref_4" class = "footnote" href = "#_footnotedef_4" title = "View footnote." > 4< / a > ]< / sup > < / a >
にて指摘されているように、商業的に成功しなかったアーキテクチャほどコードが単純で分かりやすい。]< / p >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / div >
< / li >
< li >
< p > Sparc< / p >
< div class = "ulist" >
< ul >
< li >
< p > < a href = "#llvm-writing_backend" > [18]< / a > でも説明に使われており、コメントが豊富。< / p >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / div >
< / li >
< li >
< p > x86< / p >
< div class = "ulist" >
< ul >
< li >
< p > みんな大好きx86。貴重なCISCの資料であり、かつ2オペランド方式を採用する場合に実装例を与えてくれる。あと < code > EFLAGS< / code > の取り回しなども参考になるが、全体的にコードは読みにくい。ただLLVMの命名規則には従うため、他のバックエンドからある程度推論をして読むのが良い。< / p >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / div >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / div >
< / div >
< / div >
< / div >
< div class = "sect1" >
< h2 id = "_isaの仕様を決める" > ISAの仕様を決める< / h2 >
< div class = "sectionbody" >
< div class = "paragraph" >
< p > 本書で使用するISAであるCAHPv3について説明します。< / p >
< / div >
< div class = "paragraph" >
< p > cahpv3.pdfを参考のこと。< / p >
< / div >
< / div >
< / div >
< div class = "sect1" >
< h2 id = "_スケルトンバックエンドを追加する" > スケルトンバックエンドを追加する< / h2 >
< div class = "sectionbody" >
< div class = "paragraph" >
< p > 正常にLLVMのビルドを行うために、何の機能も無いバックエンド( スケルトンバックエンド) を
LLVMに追加します。< / p >
< / div >
< / div >
< / div >
< div class = "sect1" >
< h2 id = "_llvmをビルドする" > LLVMをビルドする< / h2 >
< div class = "sectionbody" >
< div class = "paragraph" >
< p > LLVMは巨大なプロジェクトで、ビルドするだけでも一苦労です。
以下では継続的な開発のために、高速にLLVMをデバッグビルドする手法を紹介します。< / p >
< / div >
< div class = "paragraph" >
< p > ビルドの際には以下のソフトウェアが必要になります。< / p >
< / div >
< div class = "ulist" >
< ul >
< li >
< p > < code > cmake< / code > < / p >
< / li >
< li >
< p > < code > ninja< / code > < / p >
< / li >
< li >
< p > < code > clang< / code > < / p >
< / li >
< li >
< p > < code > clang++< / code > < / p >
< / li >
< li >
< p > < code > lld< / code > < / p >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / div >
< div class = "paragraph" >
< p > まずLLVMのソースコードをGitを用いて取得します。
前述したように、今回の開発ではLLVM v9.0.0をベースとします。
そこでブランチ < code > llvmorg-9.0.0< / code > から独自実装のためのブランチ < code > cahp< / code > を生成し、
以降の開発はこのブランチ上で行うことにします。< / p >
< / div >
< div class = "literalblock" >
< div class = "content" >
< pre > $ git clone https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project.git
$ cd llvm-project
$ git switch llvmorg-9.0.0
$ git checkout -b cahp< / pre >
< / div >
< / div >
< div class = "paragraph" >
< p > 続いて、ビルドを行うための設定をCMakeを用いて行います。
大量のオプションはビルドを早くするためのものです< a href = "#llvm_dev_ml-106187" > [96]< / a > 。< / p >
< / div >
< div class = "literalblock" >
< div class = "content" >
< pre > $ mkdir build
$ cd build
$ cmake -G Ninja \
-DLLVM_ENABLE_PROJECTS="clang;lld" \
-DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE="Debug" \
-DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=True \
-DLLVM_USE_SPLIT_DWARF=True \
-DLLVM_OPTIMIZED_TABLEGEN=True \
-DLLVM_BUILD_TESTS=True \
-DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=clang \
-DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=clang++ \
-DLLVM_USE_LINKER=lld \
-DLLVM_TARGETS_TO_BUILD="" \
-DLLVM_EXPERIMENTAL_TARGETS_TO_BUILD="CAHP" \
../llvm< / pre >
< / div >
< / div >
< div class = "paragraph" >
< p > Ninjaを用いてビルドを行います。直接Ninjaを実行しても構いません( < code > $ ninja< / code > )が、
CMakeを用いて間接的に実行することもできます。< / p >
< / div >
< div class = "literalblock" >
< div class = "content" >
< pre > $ cmake --build .< / pre >
< / div >
< / div >
< div class = "paragraph" >
< p > ビルドが終了すると < code > bin/< / code > ディレクトリ以下にコンパイルされたバイナリが生成されます。
例えば次のようにして、CAHPバックエンドが含まれていることを確認できます。< / p >
< / div >
< div class = "literalblock" >
< div class = "content" >
< pre > $ bin/llc --version
LLVM (http://llvm.org/):
LLVM version 9.0.0
DEBUG build with assertions.
Default target: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
Host CPU: skylake
Registered Targets:
cahp - CAHP< / pre >
< / div >
< / div >
< div class = "admonitionblock note" >
< table >
< tr >
< td class = "icon" >
< i class = "fa icon-note" title = "Note" > < / i >
< / td >
< td class = "content" >
< div class = "paragraph" >
< p > ここでは開発用にデバッグビルドを行いました。
一方で、他人に配布する場合などはリリースビルドを行います。
その際は次のようにCMakeのオプションを指定します。< / p >
< / div >
< div class = "literalblock" >
< div class = "content" >
< pre > $ cmake -G Ninja \
-DLLVM_ENABLE_PROJECTS="lld;clang" \
-DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE="Release" \
-DLLVM_BUILD_TESTS=True \
-DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=clang \
-DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=clang++ \
-DLLVM_USE_LINKER=lld \
-DLLVM_TARGETS_TO_BUILD="" \
-DLLVM_EXPERIMENTAL_TARGETS_TO_BUILD="CAHP" \
../llvm< / pre >
< / div >
< / div >
< / td >
< / tr >
< / table >
< / div >
< / div >
< / div >
< div class = "sect1" >
< h2 id = "_アセンブラを作る" > アセンブラを作る< / h2 >
< div class = "sectionbody" >
< div class = "paragraph" >
< p > この章ではLLVMバックエンドの一部としてアセンブラを実装します。
具体的にはLLVMのMCLayerを実装し、アセンブリからオブジェクトファイルへの変換を可能にします。< / p >
< / div >
< div class = "sect2" >
< h3 id = "_簡易的なアセンブラを実装する" > 簡易的なアセンブラを実装する< / h3 >
< / div >
< div class = "sect2" >
< h3 id = "_cahpinstprinter_を実装する" > < code > CAHPInstPrinter< / code > を実装する< / h3 >
< / div >
< div class = "sect2" >
< h3 id = "_テストを書く" > テストを書く< / h3 >
< / div >
< div class = "sect2" >
< h3 id = "_メモリ演算を追加する" > メモリ演算を追加する< / h3 >
< / div >
< div class = "sect2" >
< h3 id = "_属性を指定する" > 属性を指定する< / h3 >
< / div >
< div class = "sect2" >
< h3 id = "_ディスアセンブラを実装する" > ディスアセンブラを実装する< / h3 >
< / div >
< div class = "sect2" >
< h3 id = "_relocationとfixupに対応する" > relocationとfixupに対応する< / h3 >
< / div >
< div class = "sect2" >
< h3 id = "_hi_と_lo_に対応する" > < code > %hi< / code > と < code > %lo< / code > に対応する< / h3 >
< / div >
< div class = "sect2" >
< h3 id = "_li_a0_foo_をエラーにする" > < code > li a0, foo< / code > をエラーにする< / h3 >
< / div >
< div class = "sect2" >
< h3 id = "_llvm_objdump_の調査" > llvm-objdump の調査< / h3 >
< / div >
< div class = "sect2" >
< h3 id = "_hlt_疑似命令を追加する" > < code > hlt< / code > 疑似命令を追加する< / h3 >
< / div >
< / div >
< / div >
< div class = "sect1" >
< h2 id = "_コード生成部を作る" > コード生成部を作る< / h2 >
< div class = "sectionbody" >
< div class = "sect2" >
< h3 id = "_コンパイラのスケルトンを作成する" > コンパイラのスケルトンを作成する< / h3 >
< / div >
< div class = "sect2" >
< h3 id = "_基本的な演算に対応する" > 基本的な演算に対応する< / h3 >
< / div >
< div class = "sect2" >
< h3 id = "_定数の実体化に対応する" > 定数の実体化に対応する< / h3 >
< / div >
< div class = "sect2" >
< h3 id = "_メモリ演算に対応する" > メモリ演算に対応する< / h3 >
< / div >
< div class = "sect2" >
< h3 id = "_relocationに対応する" > relocationに対応する< / h3 >
< / div >
< div class = "sect2" >
< h3 id = "_条件分岐に対応する" > 条件分岐に対応する< / h3 >
< / div >
< div class = "sect2" >
< h3 id = "_関数呼び出しに対応する" > 関数呼び出しに対応する< / h3 >
< / div >
< div class = "sect2" >
< h3 id = "_関数プロローグエピローグを実装する" > 関数プロローグ・エピローグを実装する< / h3 >
< / div >
< div class = "sect2" >
< h3 id = "_frame_pointer_eliminationを実装する" > frame pointer eliminationを実装する< / h3 >
< / div >
< div class = "sect2" >
< h3 id = "_select_に対応する" > < code > select< / code > に対応する< / h3 >
< / div >
< div class = "sect2" >
< h3 id = "_frameindex_をlowerする" > < code > FrameIndex< / code > をlowerする。< / h3 >
< / div >
< div class = "sect2" >
< h3 id = "_大きなスタックフレームに対応する" > 大きなスタックフレームに対応する< / h3 >
< / div >
< div class = "sect2" >
< h3 id = "_setcc_に対応する" > < code > SETCC< / code > に対応する< / h3 >
< / div >
< div class = "sect2" >
< h3 id = "_externalsymbol_に対応する" > < code > ExternalSymbol< / code > に対応する< / h3 >
< / div >
< div class = "sect2" >
< h3 id = "_jump_tableを無効化する" > jump tableを無効化する< / h3 >
< / div >
< div class = "sect2" >
< h3 id = "_インラインアセンブリに対応する" > インラインアセンブリに対応する< / h3 >
< / div >
< div class = "sect2" >
< h3 id = "_fastccに対応する" > fastccに対応する< / h3 >
< / div >
< / div >
< / div >
< div class = "sect1" >
< h2 id = "_cコンパイラに仕立てる" > Cコンパイラに仕立てる< / h2 >
< div class = "sectionbody" >
< div class = "sect2" >
< h3 id = "_lldにcahpバックエンドを追加する" > LLDにCAHPバックエンドを追加する< / h3 >
< / div >
< div class = "sect2" >
< h3 id = "_clangをcahpに対応させる" > ClangをCAHPに対応させる< / h3 >
< / div >
< div class = "sect2" >
< h3 id = "_crt0_o_と_cahp_lds_の導入" > < code > crt0.o< / code > と < code > cahp.lds< / code > の導入< / h3 >
< / div >
< div class = "sect2" >
< h3 id = "_nmagic_の有効化" > < code > --nmagic< / code > の有効化< / h3 >
< / div >
< div class = "sect2" >
< h3 id = "_libcの有効化" > libcの有効化< / h3 >
< / div >
< / div >
< / div >
< div class = "sect1" >
< h2 id = "_まともなコードを生成する" > まともなコードを生成する< / h2 >
< div class = "sectionbody" >
< div class = "sect2" >
< h3 id = "_分岐解析に対応する" > 分岐解析に対応する< / h3 >
< / div >
< div class = "sect2" >
< h3 id = "_branch_relaxationに対応する" > branch relaxationに対応する< / h3 >
< / div >
< div class = "sect2" >
< h3 id = "_16bit命令を活用する" > 16bit命令を活用する< / h3 >
< / div >
< div class = "sect2" >
< h3 id = "_jal_を活用する" > < code > jal< / code > を活用する< / h3 >
< / div >
< div class = "sect2" >
< h3 id = "_命令スケジューリングを設定する" > 命令スケジューリングを設定する< / h3 >
< / div >
< div class = "sect2" >
< h3 id = "_末尾再帰に対応する" > 末尾再帰に対応する< / h3 >
< / div >
< / div >
< / div >
< div class = "sect1" >
< h2 id = "_落ち穂拾い" > 落ち穂拾い< / h2 >
< div class = "sectionbody" >
< div class = "sect2" >
< h3 id = "_スタックを利用した引数渡し" > スタックを利用した引数渡し< / h3 >
< / div >
< div class = "sect2" >
< h3 id = "_byval_の対応" > < code > byval< / code > の対応< / h3 >
< / div >
< div class = "sect2" >
< h3 id = "_動的なスタック領域確保に対応する" > 動的なスタック領域確保に対応する< / h3 >
< / div >
< div class = "sect2" >
< h3 id = "_emergency_spillに対応する" > emergency spillに対応する< / h3 >
< / div >
< div class = "sect2" >
< h3 id = "_可変長引数関数に対応する" > 可変長引数関数に対応する< / h3 >
< / div >
< div class = "sect2" >
< h3 id = "_単体の_sextzexttrunc_に対応する" > 単体の < code > sext/zext/trunc< / code > に対応する< / h3 >
< / div >
< div class = "sect2" >
< h3 id = "_乗算に対応する" > 乗算に対応する< / h3 >
< / div >
< div class = "sect2" >
< h3 id = "_除算剰余に対応する" > 除算・剰余に対応する< / h3 >
< / div >
< div class = "sect2" >
< h3 id = "_frameaddrreturnaddr_に対応する" > < code > frameaddr/returnaddr< / code > に対応する< / h3 >
< / div >
< div class = "sect2" >
< h3 id = "_rotlrotrbswapcttzctlzctpop_に対応する" > < code > ROTL/ROTR/BSWAP/CTTZ/CTLZ/CTPOP< / code > に対応する< / h3 >
< / div >
< div class = "sect2" >
< h3 id = "_32bitのシフトに対応する" > 32bitのシフトに対応する< / h3 >
< / div >
< div class = "sect2" >
< h3 id = "_間接ジャンプに対応する" > 間接ジャンプに対応する< / h3 >
< / div >
< div class = "sect2" >
< h3 id = "_blockaddress_のlowerに対応する" > < code > BlockAddress< / code > のlowerに対応する< / h3 >
< / div >
< / div >
< / div >
< div class = "sect1" >
< h2 id = "_参考文献" > 参考文献< / h2 >
< div class = "sectionbody" >
< div class = "ulist bibliography" >
< ul class = "bibliography" >
< li >
< p > < a id = "github_riscv-llvm_docs_01" > < / a > [1] < a href = "https://github.com/lowRISC/riscv-llvm/blob/master/docs/01-intro-and-building-llvm.mkd" class = "bare" > https://github.com/lowRISC/riscv-llvm/blob/master/docs/01-intro-and-building-llvm.mkd< / a > < / p >
< / li >
< li >
< p > < a id = "llvm_getting-started" > < / a > [2] < a href = "https://llvm.org/docs/GettingStarted.html" class = "bare" > https://llvm.org/docs/GettingStarted.html< / a > < / p >
< / li >
< li >
< p > < a id = "clang_gettings-started" > < / a > [3] < a href = "https://clang.llvm.org/get_started.html" class = "bare" > https://clang.llvm.org/get_started.html< / a > < / p >
< / li >
< li >
< p > < a id = "asciidoctor_user-manual" > < / a > [4] < a href = "https://asciidoctor.org/docs/user-manual/" class = "bare" > https://asciidoctor.org/docs/user-manual/< / a > < / p >
< / li >
< li >
< p > < a id = "riscv" > < / a > [5] < a href = "https://riscv.org/" class = "bare" > https://riscv.org/< / a > < / p >
< / li >
< li >
< p > < a id = "riscv_specifications" > < / a > [6] < a href = "https://riscv.org/specifications/" class = "bare" > https://riscv.org/specifications/< / a > < / p >
< / li >
< li >
< p > < a id = "fox-llvm" > < / a > [7] 『きつねさんでもわかるLLVM〜コンパイラを自作するためのガイドブック〜』( 柏木 餅子・風薬・矢上 栄一、株式会社インプレス、2013年) < / p >
< / li >
< li >
< p > < a id = "github_riscv-llvm_docs_02" > < / a > [8] < a href = "https://github.com/lowRISC/riscv-llvm/blob/master/docs/02-starting-the-backend.mkd" class = "bare" > https://github.com/lowRISC/riscv-llvm/blob/master/docs/02-starting-the-backend.mkd< / a > < / p >
< / li >
< li >
< p > < a id = "github_riscv-llvm_patch_02" > < / a > [9] < a href = "https://github.com/lowRISC/riscv-llvm/blob/master/0002-RISCV-Recognise-riscv32-and-riscv64-in-triple-parsin.patch" class = "bare" > https://github.com/lowRISC/riscv-llvm/blob/master/0002-RISCV-Recognise-riscv32-and-riscv64-in-triple-parsin.patch< / a > < / p >
< / li >
< li >
< p > < a id = "github_riscv-llvm" > < / a > [10] < a href = "https://github.com/lowRISC/riscv-llvm" class = "bare" > https://github.com/lowRISC/riscv-llvm< / a > < / p >
< / li >
< li >
< p > < a id = "youtube_llvm-backend-development-by-example" > < / a > [11] < a href = "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AFaIP-dF-RA" class = "bare" > https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AFaIP-dF-RA< / a > < / p >
< / li >
< li >
< p > < a id = "msyksphinz_try-riscv64-llvm-backend" > < / a > [12] < a href = "http://msyksphinz.hatenablog.com/entry/2019/01/02/040000_1" class = "bare" > http://msyksphinz.hatenablog.com/entry/2019/01/02/040000_1< / a > < / p >
< / li >
< li >
< p > < a id = "github_riscv-llvm_patch_03" > < / a > [13] < a href = "https://github.com/lowRISC/riscv-llvm/blob/master/0003-RISCV-Add-RISC-V-ELF-defines.patch" class = "bare" > https://github.com/lowRISC/riscv-llvm/blob/master/0003-RISCV-Add-RISC-V-ELF-defines.patch< / a > < / p >
< / li >
< li >
< p > < a id = "github_riscv-llvm_patch_04" > < / a > [14] < a href = "https://github.com/lowRISC/riscv-llvm/blob/master/0004-RISCV-Add-stub-backend.patch" class = "bare" > https://github.com/lowRISC/riscv-llvm/blob/master/0004-RISCV-Add-stub-backend.patch< / a > < / p >
< / li >
< li >
< p > < a id = "github_riscv-llvm_patch_06" > < / a > [15] < a href = "https://github.com/lowRISC/riscv-llvm/blob/master/0006-RISCV-Add-bare-bones-RISC-V-MCTargetDesc.patch" class = "bare" > https://github.com/lowRISC/riscv-llvm/blob/master/0006-RISCV-Add-bare-bones-RISC-V-MCTargetDesc.patch< / a > < / p >
< / li >
< li >
< p > < a id = "github_riscv-llvm_patch_10" > < / a > [16] < a href = "https://github.com/lowRISC/riscv-llvm/blob/master/0010-RISCV-Add-support-for-disassembly.patch" class = "bare" > https://github.com/lowRISC/riscv-llvm/blob/master/0010-RISCV-Add-support-for-disassembly.patch< / a > < / p >
< / li >
< li >
< p > < a id = "llvm-writing_backend-operand_mapping" > < / a > [17] < a href = "https://llvm.org/docs/WritingAnLLVMBackend.html#instruction-operand-mapping" class = "bare" > https://llvm.org/docs/WritingAnLLVMBackend.html#instruction-operand-mapping< / a > < / p >
< / li >
< li >
< p > < a id = "llvm-writing_backend" > < / a > [18] < a href = "https://llvm.org/docs/WritingAnLLVMBackend.html" class = "bare" > https://llvm.org/docs/WritingAnLLVMBackend.html< / a > < / p >
< / li >
< li >
< p > < a id = "github_riscv-llvm_patch_07" > < / a > [19] < a href = "https://github.com/lowRISC/riscv-llvm/blob/master/0007-RISCV-Add-basic-RISCVAsmParser.patch" class = "bare" > https://github.com/lowRISC/riscv-llvm/blob/master/0007-RISCV-Add-basic-RISCVAsmParser.patch< / a > < / p >
< / li >
< li >
< p > < a id = "github_riscv-llvm_patch_08" > < / a > [20] < a href = "https://github.com/lowRISC/riscv-llvm/blob/master/0008-RISCV-Add-RISCVInstPrinter-and-basic-MC-assembler-te.patch" class = "bare" > https://github.com/lowRISC/riscv-llvm/blob/master/0008-RISCV-Add-RISCVInstPrinter-and-basic-MC-assembler-te.patch< / a > < / p >
< / li >
< li >
< p > < a id = "llvm-tablegen" > < / a > [21] < a href = "https://llvm.org/docs/TableGen/index.html" class = "bare" > https://llvm.org/docs/TableGen/index.html< / a > < / p >
< / li >
< li >
< p > < a id = "github_riscv-llvm_patch_09" > < / a > [22] < a href = "https://github.com/lowRISC/riscv-llvm/blob/master/0009-RISCV-Add-support-for-all-RV32I-instructions.patch" class = "bare" > https://github.com/lowRISC/riscv-llvm/blob/master/0009-RISCV-Add-support-for-all-RV32I-instructions.patch< / a > < / p >
< / li >
< li >
< p > < a id = "llvm_dev_ml-tablegen_definition_question" > < / a > [23] < a href = "http://lists.llvm.org/pipermail/llvm-dev/2015-December/093310.html" class = "bare" > http://lists.llvm.org/pipermail/llvm-dev/2015-December/093310.html< / a > < / p >
< / li >
< li >
< p > < a id = "llvm_doxygen-twine" > < / a > [24] < a href = "https://llvm.org/doxygen/classllvm_1_1Twine.html" class = "bare" > https://llvm.org/doxygen/classllvm_1_1Twine.html< / a > < / p >
< / li >
< li >
< p > < a id = "llvm-tablegen-langref" > < / a > [25] < a href = "https://llvm.org/docs/TableGen/LangRef.html" class = "bare" > https://llvm.org/docs/TableGen/LangRef.html< / a > < / p >
< / li >
< li >
< p > < a id = "github_riscv-llvm_docs_05" > < / a > [26] < a href = "https://github.com/lowRISC/riscv-llvm/blob/master/docs/05-disassembly.mkd" class = "bare" > https://github.com/lowRISC/riscv-llvm/blob/master/docs/05-disassembly.mkd< / a > < / p >
< / li >
< li >
< p > < a id = "github_riscv-llvm_patch_11" > < / a > [27] < a href = "https://github.com/lowRISC/riscv-llvm/blob/master/0011-RISCV-Add-common-fixups-and-relocations.patch" class = "bare" > https://github.com/lowRISC/riscv-llvm/blob/master/0011-RISCV-Add-common-fixups-and-relocations.patch< / a > < / p >
< / li >
< li >
< p > < a id = "github_riscv-llvm_docs_06" > < / a > [28] < a href = "https://github.com/lowRISC/riscv-llvm/blob/master/docs/06-relocations-and-fixups.mkd" class = "bare" > https://github.com/lowRISC/riscv-llvm/blob/master/docs/06-relocations-and-fixups.mkd< / a > < / p >
< / li >
< li >
< p > < a id = "github_riscv-llvm_patch_13" > < / a > [29] < a href = "https://github.com/lowRISC/riscv-llvm/blob/master/0013-RISCV-Initial-codegen-support-for-ALU-operations.patch" class = "bare" > https://github.com/lowRISC/riscv-llvm/blob/master/0013-RISCV-Initial-codegen-support-for-ALU-operations.patch< / a > < / p >
< / li >
< li >
< p > < a id = "speakerdeck-llvm_backend_development" > < / a > [30] < a href = "https://speakerdeck.com/asb/llvm-backend-development-by-example-risc-v" class = "bare" > https://speakerdeck.com/asb/llvm-backend-development-by-example-risc-v< / a > < / p >
< / li >
< li >
< p > < a id = "llvm-code_generator" > < / a > [31] < a href = "https://llvm.org/docs/CodeGenerator.html" class = "bare" > https://llvm.org/docs/CodeGenerator.html< / a > < / p >
< / li >
< li >
< p > < a id = "llvm-code_generator-target_independent_code_gen_alg" > < / a > [32] < a href = "https://llvm.org/docs/CodeGenerator.html#target-independent-code-generation-algorithms" class = "bare" > https://llvm.org/docs/CodeGenerator.html#target-independent-code-generation-algorithms< / a > < / p >
< / li >
< li >
< p > < a id = "llvm-code_generator-selectiondag_instruction_selection" > < / a > [33] < a href = "https://llvm.org/docs/CodeGenerator.html#selectiondag-instruction-selection-process" class = "bare" > https://llvm.org/docs/CodeGenerator.html#selectiondag-instruction-selection-process< / a > < / p >
< / li >
< li >
< p > < a id = "github_riscv-llvm_patch_15" > < / a > [34] < a href = "https://github.com/lowRISC/riscv-llvm/blob/master/0015-RISCV-Codegen-support-for-memory-operations.patch" class = "bare" > https://github.com/lowRISC/riscv-llvm/blob/master/0015-RISCV-Codegen-support-for-memory-operations.patch< / a > < / p >
< / li >
< li >
< p > < a id = "cpu0" > < / a > [35] < a href = "https://jonathan2251.github.io/lbd/" class = "bare" > https://jonathan2251.github.io/lbd/< / a > < / p >
< / li >
< li >
< p > < a id = "elvm-llvm_backend" > < / a > [36] < a href = "https://github.com/shinh/llvm/tree/elvm" class = "bare" > https://github.com/shinh/llvm/tree/elvm< / a > < / p >
< / li >
< li >
< p > < a id = "elvm-slide" > < / a > [37] < a href = "http://shinh.skr.jp/slide/llel/000.html" class = "bare" > http://shinh.skr.jp/slide/llel/000.html< / a > < / p >
< / li >
< li >
< p > < a id = "github_riscv-llvm_patch_16" > < / a > [38] < a href = "https://github.com/lowRISC/riscv-llvm/blob/master/0016-RISCV-Codegen-support-for-memory-operations-on-globa.patch" class = "bare" > https://github.com/lowRISC/riscv-llvm/blob/master/0016-RISCV-Codegen-support-for-memory-operations-on-globa.patch< / a > < / p >
< / li >
< li >
< p > < a id = "github_riscv-llvm_patch_17" > < / a > [39] < a href = "https://github.com/lowRISC/riscv-llvm/blob/master/0017-RISCV-Codegen-for-conditional-branches.patch" class = "bare" > https://github.com/lowRISC/riscv-llvm/blob/master/0017-RISCV-Codegen-for-conditional-branches.patch< / a > < / p >
< / li >
< li >
< p > < a id = "todai_llvm_backend" > < / a > [40] < a href = "https://github.com/cpu-experiment-2018-2/llvm/tree/master/lib/Target/ELMO" class = "bare" > https://github.com/cpu-experiment-2018-2/llvm/tree/master/lib/Target/ELMO< / a > < / p >
< / li >
< li >
< p > < a id = "todai_llvm_backend-article" > < / a > [41] < a href = "http://uenoku.hatenablog.com/entry/2018/12/25/044244" class = "bare" > http://uenoku.hatenablog.com/entry/2018/12/25/044244< / a > < / p >
< / li >
< li >
< p > < a id = "github_riscv-llvm_patch_18" > < / a > [42] < a href = "https://github.com/lowRISC/riscv-llvm/blob/master/0018-RISCV-Support-for-function-calls.patch" class = "bare" > https://github.com/lowRISC/riscv-llvm/blob/master/0018-RISCV-Support-for-function-calls.patch< / a > < / p >
< / li >
< li >
< p > < a id = "llvm-langref" > < / a > [43] < a href = "http://llvm.org/docs/LangRef.html" class = "bare" > http://llvm.org/docs/LangRef.html< / a > < / p >
< / li >
< li >
< p > < a id = "fpga_develop_diary" > < / a > [44] < a href = "http://msyksphinz.hatenablog.com/" class = "bare" > http://msyksphinz.hatenablog.com/< / a > < / p >
< / li >
< li >
< p > < a id = "llvm-anton_korobeynikov_2012" > < / a > [45] < a href = "https://llvm.org/devmtg/2012-04-12/Slides/Workshops/Anton_Korobeynikov.pdf" class = "bare" > https://llvm.org/devmtg/2012-04-12/Slides/Workshops/Anton_Korobeynikov.pdf< / a > < / p >
< / li >
< li >
< p > < a id = "llvm-welcome_to_the_back_end_2017" > < / a > [46] < a href = "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=objxlZg01D0" class = "bare" > https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=objxlZg01D0< / a > < / p >
< / li >
< li >
< p > < a id = "ean10-howto-llvmas" > < / a > [47] < a href = "https://www.embecosm.com/appnotes/ean10/ean10-howto-llvmas-1.0.html" class = "bare" > https://www.embecosm.com/appnotes/ean10/ean10-howto-llvmas-1.0.html< / a > < / p >
< / li >
< li >
< p > < a id = "lowrisc-devmtg18" > < / a > [48] < a href = "https://www.lowrisc.org/llvm/devmtg18/" class = "bare" > https://www.lowrisc.org/llvm/devmtg18/< / a > < / p >
< / li >
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< p > < a id = "LLVMBackend_2015_03_26_v2" > < / a > [49] < a href = "http://www.inf.ed.ac.uk/teaching/courses/ct/other/LLVMBackend-2015-03-26_v2.pdf" class = "bare" > http://www.inf.ed.ac.uk/teaching/courses/ct/other/LLVMBackend-2015-03-26_v2.pdf< / a > < / p >
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< p > < a id = "github_riscv-llvm_patch_28" > < / a > [129] < a href = "https://github.com/lowRISC/riscv-llvm/blob/master/0028-RISCV-Add-basic-support-for-inline-asm-constraints.patch" class = "bare" > https://github.com/lowRISC/riscv-llvm/blob/master/0028-RISCV-Add-basic-support-for-inline-asm-constraints.patch< / a > < / p >
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< p > < a id = "llvm-langref-inline_asm-asm_template_argument_modifier" > < / a > [130] < a href = "http://llvm.org/docs/LangRef.html#asm-template-argument-modifiers" class = "bare" > http://llvm.org/docs/LangRef.html#asm-template-argument-modifiers< / a > < / p >
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< p > < a id = "github_riscv-llvm_patch_32" > < / a > [132] < a href = "https://github.com/lowRISC/riscv-llvm/blob/master/0032-RISCV-Reserve-an-emergency-spill-slot-for-the-regist.patch" class = "bare" > https://github.com/lowRISC/riscv-llvm/blob/master/0032-RISCV-Reserve-an-emergency-spill-slot-for-the-regist.patch< / a > < / p >
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< p > < a id = "github_riscv-llvm_patch_26" > < / a > [133] < a href = "https://github.com/lowRISC/riscv-llvm/blob/master/0026-RISCV-Support-for-varargs.patch" class = "bare" > https://github.com/lowRISC/riscv-llvm/blob/master/0026-RISCV-Support-for-varargs.patch< / a > < / p >
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< p > < a id = "github-fracture-wiki-how-dagisel-works" > < / a > [134] < a href = "https://github.com/draperlaboratory/fracture/wiki/How-TableGen%27s-DAGISel-Backend-Works" class = "bare" > https://github.com/draperlaboratory/fracture/wiki/How-TableGen%27s-DAGISel-Backend-Works< / a > < / p >
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< p > < a id = "welcome_to_the_back_end-slides" > < / a > [135] < a href = "http://llvm.org/devmtg/2017-10/slides/Braun-Welcome%20to%20the%20Back%20End.pdf" class = "bare" > http://llvm.org/devmtg/2017-10/slides/Braun-Welcome%20to%20the%20Back%20End.pdf< / a > < / p >
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< p > < a id = "shinh-blog-010637" > < / a > [137] < a href = "http://shinh.hatenablog.com/entry/2014/10/03/010637" class = "bare" > http://shinh.hatenablog.com/entry/2014/10/03/010637< / a > < / p >
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< p > < a id = "llvm_backend_intro" > < / a > [138] < a href = "https://www.slideshare.net/AkiraMaruoka/llvm-backend" class = "bare" > https://www.slideshare.net/AkiraMaruoka/llvm-backend< / a > < / p >
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< p > < a id = "amazon-llvm_cookbook-customer_review" > < / a > [139] < a href = "https://www.amazon.co.jp/dp/178528598X#customer_review-R28L2NAL8T9M2H" class = "bare" > https://www.amazon.co.jp/dp/178528598X#customer_review-R28L2NAL8T9M2H< / a > < / p >
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< p > < a id = "github_riscv-llvm_patch_85" > < / a > [141] < a href = "https://github.com/lowRISC/riscv-llvm/blob/master/0085-RISCV-Set-AllowRegisterRenaming-1.patch" class = "bare" > https://github.com/lowRISC/riscv-llvm/blob/master/0085-RISCV-Set-AllowRegisterRenaming-1.patch< / a > < / p >
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< p > < a id = "wikipedia-weak_symbol" > < / a > [143] < a href = "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weak_symbol" class = "bare" > https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weak_symbol< / a > < / p >
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< p > < a id = "wikipedia-remat" > < / a > [144] < a href = "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rematerialization" class = "bare" > https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rematerialization< / a > < / p >
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< p > < a id = "llvm_phabricator-d46182" > < / a > [145] < a href = "https://reviews.llvm.org/D46182" class = "bare" > https://reviews.llvm.org/D46182< / a > < / p >
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< p > < a id = "fpga_develop_diary-to_llvm9" > < / a > [147] < a href = "http://msyksphinz.hatenablog.com/entry/2019/08/17/040000" class = "bare" > http://msyksphinz.hatenablog.com/entry/2019/08/17/040000< / a > < / p >
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< p > < a id = "llvm_phabricator-d60488" > < / a > [148] < a href = "https://reviews.llvm.org/D60488" class = "bare" > https://reviews.llvm.org/D60488< / a > < / p >
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< p > < a id = "llvm_phabricator-rl364191" > < / a > [149] < a href = "https://reviews.llvm.org/rL364191" class = "bare" > https://reviews.llvm.org/rL364191< / a > < / p >
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< p > < a id = "llvm-codingstandards" > < / a > [151] < a href = "https://llvm.org/docs/CodingStandards.html" class = "bare" > https://llvm.org/docs/CodingStandards.html< / a > < / p >
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< p > < a id = "llvm_dev_ml-134921" > < / a > [152] < a href = "https://lists.llvm.org/pipermail/llvm-dev/2019-September/134921.html" class = "bare" > https://lists.llvm.org/pipermail/llvm-dev/2019-September/134921.html< / a > < / p >
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< p > < a id = "llvm_devmtg-schedmachinemodel" > < / a > [157] < a href = "http://llvm.org/devmtg/2014-10/Slides/Estes-MISchedulerTutorial.pdf" class = "bare" > http://llvm.org/devmtg/2014-10/Slides/Estes-MISchedulerTutorial.pdf< / a > < / p >
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< p > < a id = "llvm_devmtg-writinggreatsched" > < / a > [159] < a href = "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=brpomKUynEA" class = "bare" > https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=brpomKUynEA< / a > < / p >
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< p > < a id = "llvm_devmtg-larintrick" > < / a > [161] < a href = "https://llvm.org/devmtg/2012-11/Larin-Trick-Scheduling.pdf" class = "bare" > https://llvm.org/devmtg/2012-11/Larin-Trick-Scheduling.pdf< / a > < / p >
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< p > < a id = "llvm-schedinorder" > < / a > [162] < a href = "https://llvm.org/devmtg/2016-09/slides/Absar-SchedulingInOrder.pdf" class = "bare" > https://llvm.org/devmtg/2016-09/slides/Absar-SchedulingInOrder.pdf< / a > < / p >
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< div id = "footnotes" >
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< div class = "footnote" id = "_footnotedef_1" >
< a href = "#_footnoteref_1" > 1< / a > . 論文とスライドも怪しいものだが、著者が一致しているので多分正しいだろう。
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< div class = "footnote" id = "_footnotedef_2" >
< a href = "#_footnoteref_2" > 2< / a > . これとは別の発表で「コンパイラ開発してない人生はFAKE」という名言が飛び出した勉強会< a href = "#compiler_study_report" > [114
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< div class = "footnote" id = "_footnotedef_3" >
< a href = "#_footnoteref_3" > 3< / a > . LLVMバックエンドの開発を円滑にするためのアーキテクチャなのではと思うほどに分かりやすい。
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< div class = "footnote" id = "_footnotedef_4" >
< a href = "#_footnoteref_4" > 4< / a > . 後のSparcについて< a href = "#llvm_dev_ml-059799" > [116
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2020-03-25 15:35:42 +07:00
Last updated 2020-03-25 08:35:30 UTC
2020-03-25 15:32:25 +07:00
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