CTF-All-In-One/doc/6.2.3_re_codegatectf2017_angrybird.md
firmianay 9c5d6239c3 fix
2018-05-22 15:21:13 +08:00

270 lines
14 KiB
Markdown
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

# 6.2.3 re CodegateCTF2017 angrybird
- [题目解析](#题目解析)
- [参考资料](#参考资料)
[下载文件](../src/writeup/6.2.3_re_codegatectf2017_angrybird)
## 题目解析
看题目就知道,这是一个会让我们抓狂的程序,事实也确实如此。
```
$ file angrybird_org
angrybird: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, x86-64, version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked, interpreter /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2, for GNU/Linux 2.6.32, BuildID[sha1]=089c3a14bcd7ffb08e94645cea46f1162b171445, stripped
```
```
$ ./angrybird_org
$
```
一运行就退出,应该是需要程序流上有问题。
`main` 函数的开头有一些坑需要 patch才能使程序正常运行然后经过很多很多轮的运算和判断可以看到 main 函数长达 18555 行:
```
[0x00400600]> pd 60 @ main
/ (fcn) main 18555
| main ();
| : ; DATA XREF from 0x0040061d (entry0)
| : 0x00400761 55 push rbp
| : 0x00400762 4889e5 mov rbp, rsp
| : 0x00400765 4883c480 add rsp, 0xffffffffffffff80
| : 0x00400769 64488b042528. mov rax, qword fs:[0x28] ; [0x28:8]=-1 ; '(' ; 40
| : 0x00400772 488945f8 mov qword [local_8h], rax
| : 0x00400776 31c0 xor eax, eax ; 将 eax 置 0
| : 0x00400778 83f800 cmp eax, 0 ; 比较 eax 和 0
| `=< 0x0040077b 0f845ffeffff je sym.imp.exit ; eax == 0 时退出,所以需要将 je 换成 jne或者把上一行的 0 换成 1
| 0x00400781 48c745901860. mov qword [local_70h], reloc.strncmp_24 ; 0x606018
| 0x00400789 48c745982060. mov qword [local_68h], reloc.puts_32 ; 0x606020
| 0x00400791 48c745a02860. mov qword [local_60h], reloc.__stack_chk_fail_40 ; 0x606028
| 0x00400799 48c745a83860. mov qword [local_58h], reloc.__libc_start_main_56 ; 0x606038
| 0x004007a1 b800000000 mov eax, 0
| 0x004007a6 e84bffffff call sub.you_should_return_21_not_1_:__6f6 ; 该函数中需要返回 21
| 0x004007ab 89458c mov dword [local_74h], eax ; [local_74] = 21
| 0x004007ae b800000000 mov eax, 0
| 0x004007b3 e854ffffff call sub.stack_check_70c ; 栈检查函数,直接 nop 掉,或者进入函数修改逻辑
| 0x004007b8 b800000000 mov eax, 0
| 0x004007bd e868ffffff call sub.hello_72a
| 0x004007c2 488b15a75820. mov rdx, qword [obj.stdin] ; [0x606070:8]=0 ; 从标准输入读入
| 0x004007c9 8b4d8c mov ecx, dword [local_74h]
| 0x004007cc 488d45b0 lea rax, [local_50h]
| 0x004007d0 89ce mov esi, ecx ; esi = 21
| 0x004007d2 4889c7 mov rdi, rax
| 0x004007d5 e8f6fdffff call sym.imp.fgets ; char *fgets(char *s, int size, FILE *stream) ; patch 成功后就能调用 fgets
| 0x004007da 0fb655b0 movzx edx, byte [local_50h] ; 读入的第一个字符
| 0x004007de 0fb645b1 movzx eax, byte [local_4fh] ; 读入的第二个字符
| 0x004007e2 31d0 xor eax, edx
| 0x004007e4 8845d0 mov byte [local_30h], al
| 0x004007e7 0fb645d0 movzx eax, byte [local_30h]
| 0x004007eb 3c0f cmp al, 0xf ; 15 ; 对处理后的输入字符做判断
| ,=< 0x004007ed 7f14 jg 0x400803 ; 若不满足条件,跳转失败,程序退出
| | 0x004007ef bf94504000 mov edi, str.melong ; 0x405094 ; "melong"
| | 0x004007f4 e897fdffff call sym.imp.puts ; int puts(const char *s)
| | 0x004007f9 bf01000000 mov edi, 1
| | 0x004007fe e8ddfdffff call sym.imp.exit ; void exit(int status)
| | ; JMP XREF from 0x004007ed (main)
| `-> 0x00400803 0fb655b0 movzx edx, byte [local_50h] ; 第二轮运算
| 0x00400807 0fb645b1 movzx eax, byte [local_4fh]
| 0x0040080b 21d0 and eax, edx
| 0x0040080d 8845d0 mov byte [local_30h], al
| 0x00400810 0fb645d0 movzx eax, byte [local_30h]
| 0x00400814 3c50 cmp al, 0x50 ; 'P' ; 80
| ,=< 0x00400816 7e14 jle 0x40082c
| | 0x00400818 bf94504000 mov edi, str.melong ; 0x405094 ; "melong"
| | 0x0040081d e86efdffff call sym.imp.puts ; int puts(const char *s)
| | 0x00400822 bf01000000 mov edi, 1
| | 0x00400827 e8b4fdffff call sym.imp.exit ; void exit(int status)
| | ; JMP XREF from 0x00400816 (main)
| `-> 0x0040082c c645d000 mov byte [local_30h], 0 ; 第三轮运算
| 0x00400830 0fb645d0 movzx eax, byte [local_30h]
| 0x00400834 3c01 cmp al, 1 ; 1
| ,=< 0x00400836 7e14 jle 0x40084c
| | 0x00400838 bf94504000 mov edi, str.melong ; 0x405094 ; "melong"
| | 0x0040083d e84efdffff call sym.imp.puts ; int puts(const char *s)
| | 0x00400842 bf01000000 mov edi, 1
| | 0x00400847 e894fdffff call sym.imp.exit ; void exit(int status)
| | ; JMP XREF from 0x00400836 (main)
| `-> 0x0040084c 0fb655c2 movzx edx, byte [local_3eh] ; 第 n 轮运算
| 0x00400850 0fb645b1 movzx eax, byte [local_4fh]
| 0x00400854 21d0 and eax, edx
| 0x00400856 8845d0 mov byte [local_30h], al
| 0x00400859 0fb645d0 movzx eax, byte [local_30h]
```
第一处 patch将指令 `je` 改成 `jne`
```
[0x00400600]> s 0x0040077b
[0x0040077b]> pd 1
| `=< 0x0040077b 0f845ffeffff je sym.imp.exit
[0x0040077b]> wx 0f85
[0x0040077b]> pd 1
| `=< 0x0040077b 0f855ffeffff jne sym.imp.exit
```
第二处 patch函数 `sub.you_should_return_21_not_1_:__6f6`
```
[0x0040077b]> pdf @ sub.you_should_return_21_not_1_:__6f6
/ (fcn) sub.you_should_return_21_not_1_:__6f6 22
| sub.you_should_return_21_not_1_:__6f6 ();
| ; CALL XREF from 0x004007a6 (main)
| 0x004006f6 55 push rbp
| 0x004006f7 4889e5 mov rbp, rsp
| 0x004006fa bf64504000 mov edi, str.you_should_return_21_not_1_:_ ; 0x405064 ; "you should return 21 not 1 :("
| 0x004006ff e88cfeffff call sym.imp.puts ; int puts(const char *s)
| 0x00400704 8b0556592000 mov eax, dword [0x00606060] ; [0x606060:4]=1 ; 修改 [0x606060:4] = 21 = 0x15
| 0x0040070a 5d pop rbp
\ 0x0040070b c3 ret
[0x0040077b]> ?v 21
0x15
[0x0040077b]> s 0x00606060
[0x00606060]> px 16
- offset - 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F 0123456789ABCDEF
0x00606060 0100 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................
[0x00606060]> wx 15
[0x00606060]> px 16
- offset - 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F 0123456789ABCDEF
0x00606060 1500 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................
```
另外该函数结尾处指令是 `pop rbp`,而不是正确情况下的 `leave`,我们把它改过来:
```
[0x00606060]> s 0x0040070a
[0x0040070a]> pd 1
| 0x0040070a 5d pop rbp
[0x0040070a]> wx c9
[0x0040070a]> pd 1
| 0x0040070a c9 leave
```
第三处 patch将调用 `sub.stack_check_70c` 的指令直接 `nop` 掉:
```
[0x00606060]> pdf @ sub.stack_check_70c
/ (fcn) sub.stack_check_70c 30
| sub.stack_check_70c ();
| : ; CALL XREF from 0x004007b3 (main)
| : 0x0040070c 55 push rbp
| : 0x0040070d 4889e5 mov rbp, rsp
| : 0x00400710 bf82504000 mov edi, str.stack_check ; 0x405082 ; "stack check"
| : 0x00400715 e876feffff call sym.imp.puts ; int puts(const char *s)
| : 0x0040071a 678b0424 mov eax, dword [esp]
| : 0x0040071e 83f800 cmp eax, 0
| `=< 0x00400721 0f85b9feffff jne sym.imp.exit
| 0x00400727 90 nop
| 0x00400728 5d pop rbp
\ 0x00400729 c3 ret
[0x00400600]> s 0x004007b3
[0x004007b3]> pd 1
| 0x004007b3 e854ffffff call sub.stack_check_70c
[0x004007b3]> wx 9090909090
[0x004007b3]> pd 5
| 0x004007b3 90 nop
| 0x004007b4 90 nop
| 0x004007b5 90 nop
| 0x004007b6 90 nop
| 0x004007b7 90 nop
```
第四处 patch 是将 `sub.hello_72a` 函数中的 `je` 改成 `jne`
```
[0x0040077b]> pdf @ sub.hello_72a
/ (fcn) sub.hello_72a 55
| sub.hello_72a ();
| ; var int local_8h @ rbp-0x8
| ; CALL XREF from 0x004007bd (main)
| 0x0040072a 55 push rbp
| 0x0040072b 4889e5 mov rbp, rsp
| 0x0040072e 4883ec10 sub rsp, 0x10
| 0x00400732 48c745f83860. mov qword [local_8h], reloc.__libc_start_main_56 ; 0x606038
| 0x0040073a 488b45f8 mov rax, qword [local_8h]
| 0x0040073e ba05000000 mov edx, 5
| 0x00400743 be8e504000 mov esi, str.hello ; 0x40508e ; "hello"
| 0x00400748 4889c7 mov rdi, rax
| 0x0040074b e830feffff call sym.imp.strncmp ; int strncmp(const char *s1, const char *s2, size_t n) ; 如果相等则返回 0
| 0x00400750 85c0 test eax, eax
| ,=< 0x00400752 740a je 0x40075e ; 如果 eax 为 0则跳转
| | 0x00400754 bf01000000 mov edi, 1
| | 0x00400759 e882feffff call sym.imp.exit ; void exit(int status)
| | ; JMP XREF from 0x00400752 (sub.hello_72a)
| `-> 0x0040075e 90 nop
| 0x0040075f c9 leave
\ 0x00400760 c3 ret
```
总的来说就是修改了下面几个地方:
```
$ radiff2 angrybird_org angrybird_mod
0x0000070a 5d => c9 0x0000070a
0x00000722 85 => 84 0x00000722
0x00000752 74 => 75 0x00000752
0x0000077c 84 => 85 0x0000077c
0x000007b3 e854ffffff => 9090909090 0x000007b3
0x00006060 01 => 15 0x00006060
```
这样程序的运行就正常了,它从标准输入读入字符,进行一系列的判断,由于程序执行流非常长,我们不可能一个一个地去 patch。radare2 里输入命令 `VV @ main` 可以看到下面的东西:
![](../pic/6.2.3_graph.png)
不如使用 angr 来解决它,指定好目标地址,让它运行到那儿,在大多数情况下,这种方法都是有效的。
```
[0x00400761]> pd -20 @ main+18555
| 0x00404f8e d00f ror byte [rdi], 1
| 0x00404f90 b645 mov dh, 0x45 ; 'E' ; 69
| 0x00404f92 d03c78 sar byte [rax + rdi*2], 1
| ,=< 0x00404f95 7e14 jle 0x404fab
| | 0x00404f97 bf94504000 mov edi, str.melong ; 0x405094 ; "melong"
| | 0x00404f9c e8efb5ffff call sym.imp.puts ; int puts(const char *s)
| | 0x00404fa1 bf01000000 mov edi, 1
| | 0x00404fa6 e835b6ffff call sym.imp.exit ; void exit(int status)
| | ; JMP XREF from 0x00404f95 (main)
| `-> 0x00404fab 488d45b0 lea rax, [local_50h]
| 0x00404faf 4889c6 mov rsi, rax
| 0x00404fb2 bf9b504000 mov edi, str.you_typed_:__s_n ; 0x40509b ; "you typed : %s\n"
| 0x00404fb7 b800000000 mov eax, 0
| 0x00404fbc e8efb5ffff call sym.imp.printf ; int printf(const char *format)
| 0x00404fc1 b800000000 mov eax, 0
| 0x00404fc6 488b4df8 mov rcx, qword [local_8h]
| 0x00404fca 6448330c2528. xor rcx, qword fs:[0x28]
| ,=< 0x00404fd3 7405 je 0x404fda
| | 0x00404fd5 e8c6b5ffff call sym.imp.__stack_chk_fail ; void __stack_chk_fail(void)
| | ; JMP XREF from 0x00404fd3 (main)
| `-> 0x00404fda c9 leave ; 选择一个目标地址
\ 0x00404fdb c3 ret
```
因为每次错误退出之前,都会调用 `puts` 函数,所以应该避免其出现,将地址设置为参数 avoid。
```
[0x00400600]> is~puts
vaddr=0x00400590 paddr=0x00000590 ord=002 fwd=NONE sz=16 bind=GLOBAL type=FUNC name=imp.puts
```
对于使用 angr 来说,上面的 patch 完全没有必要,只要选择一个合适的初始化地址,如 `0x004007da`,也就是 `fget` 函数的下一条指令,就可以跑出结果:
```python
import angr
main = 0x004007da
find = 0x00404fda # leave;ret
avoid = 0x00400590 # puts@plt
p = angr.Project('./angrybird_org')
init = p.factory.blank_state(addr=main)
pg = p.factory.simgr(init, threads=4)
ex = pg.explore(find=find, avoid=avoid)
final = ex.found[0].state
flag = final.posix.dumps(0)
print "Flag:", final.posix.dumps(1)
```
Bingo!!!(不能保证每次都有效,多试几次)
```
$ python2 exp.py
WARNING | 2017-12-03 17:33:58,544 | angr.state_plugins.symbolic_memory | Concretizing symbolic length. Much sad; think about implementing.
Flag: you typed : Im_so_cute&pretty_:)<29>
```
然后用我们 patch 过的程序来验证 flag
```
$ ./angrybird_mod
you should return 21 not 1 :(
Im_so_cute&pretty_:)
you typed : Im_so_cute&pretty_:)
```
同样需要一定的运气才能通过,祝好运:)
## 参考资料
- https://ctftime.org/task/3375