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270 lines
12 KiB
Markdown
270 lines
12 KiB
Markdown
# 5.3 angr 二进制自动化分析
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- [安装](#安装)
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- [使用 angr](#使用-angr)
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- [angr 在 CTF 中的运用](#angr-在-ctf-中的运用)
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- [参考资料](#参考资料)
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[angr](https://github.com/angr/angr) 是一个多架构的二进制分析平台，具备对二进制文件的动态符号执行能力和多种静态分析能力。在近几年的 CTF 中也大有用途。
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## 安装
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在 Ubuntu 上，首先我们应该安装所有的编译所需要的依赖环境：
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```shell
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$ sudo apt install python-dev libffi-dev build-essential virtualenvwrapper
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```
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强烈建议在虚拟环境中安装 angr，因为有几个 angr 的依赖（比如z3）是从他们的原始库中 fork 而来，如果你已经安装了 z3,那么你肯定不希望 angr 的依赖覆盖掉官方的共享库。
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对于大多数 *nix系统，只需要 `mkvirtualenv angr && pip install angr` 安装就好了。
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如果这样安装失败的话，那么你可以按照这样的顺序：
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```text
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1. claripy
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2. archinfo
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3. pyvex
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4. cle
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5. angr
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```
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从angr的官方仓库安装。
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附安装方法：
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```shell
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$ git clone https://github.com/angr/claripy
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$ cd claripy
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$ sudo pip install -r requirements.txt
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$ sudo python setup.py build
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$ sudo python setup.py install
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```
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其他几个 angr 官方库的安装也是如此。
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#### 一些 `import angr` 可能出现的问题
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如果你在安装angr之后，进入python环境，在import之后有这样的报错：
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```python
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Python 2.7.12 (default, Nov 19 2016, 06:48:10)
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[GCC 5.4.0 20160609] on linux2
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Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
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>>> import angr
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Traceback (most recent call last):
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File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
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File "angr/__init__.py", line 25, in <module>
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from .project import *
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File "angr/project.py", line 592, in <module>
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from .analyses.analysis import Analyses
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File "angr/analyses/__init__.py", line 22, in <module>
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from .reassembler import Reassembler
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File "angr/analyses/reassembler.py", line 9, in <module>
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import capstone
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File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/capstone/__init__.py", line 6, in <module>
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from . import arm, arm64, mips, ppc, sparc, systemz, x86, xcore
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ImportError: cannot import name arm
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>>>
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```
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可以看到，是 capstone 出现了问题，解决方法是重新安装 angr：
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```shell
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$ sudo pip install -I --no-use-wheel capstone
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```
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若是问题依然存在，那么请先卸载所有的 capstone：
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```shell
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$ sudo pip3 uninstall capstone
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$ sudo pip uninstall capstone
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```
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然后再从 pypi 源中获取最新版本安装：
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```shell
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$ wget https://pypi.python.org/packages/fd/33/d1fc2d01b85572b88c9b4c359f36f88f8c32f2f0b9ffb2d21cd41bad2257/capstone-3.0.5rc2-py2-none-manylinux1_x86_64.whl#md5=ecd7e1e39ea6dacf027c0cfe7eb1bf94
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$ sudo pip2 install capstone-3.0.5rc2-py2-none-manylinux1_x86_64.whl
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```
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其他问题可以到官方文档中查看。
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## 使用 angr
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## angr 在 CTF 中的运用
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#### re DefcampCTF2015 entry_language
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这是一题标准的密码验证题，输入一个字符串，程序验证对误。
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```
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$ file entry_language
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defcamp_r100: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, x86-64, version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked, interpreter /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2, for GNU/Linux 2.6.24, BuildID[sha1]=0f464824cc8ee321ef9a80a799c70b1b6aec8168, stripped
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```
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```
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$ ./entry_language
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Enter the password: ABCD
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Incorrect password!
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```
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为了与 angr 的自动化做对比，我们先使用传统的方法，逆向算法求解，`main` 函数和验证函数 `fcn.004006fd` 如下：
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```
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[0x00400610]> pdf @ main
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/ (fcn) main 153
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| main ();
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| ; var int local_110h @ rbp-0x110
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| ; var int local_8h @ rbp-0x8
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| ; DATA XREF from 0x0040062d (entry0)
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| 0x004007e8 55 push rbp
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| 0x004007e9 4889e5 mov rbp, rsp
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| 0x004007ec 4881ec100100. sub rsp, 0x110
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| 0x004007f3 64488b042528. mov rax, qword fs:[0x28] ; [0x28:8]=-1 ; '(' ; 40
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| 0x004007fc 488945f8 mov qword [local_8h], rax
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| 0x00400800 31c0 xor eax, eax
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| 0x00400802 bf37094000 mov edi, str.Enter_the_password: ; 0x400937 ; "Enter the password: "
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| 0x00400807 b800000000 mov eax, 0
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| 0x0040080c e8affdffff call sym.imp.printf ; int printf(const char *format)
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| 0x00400811 488b15500820. mov rdx, qword [obj.stdin] ; [0x601068:8]=0
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| 0x00400818 488d85f0feff. lea rax, [local_110h]
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| 0x0040081f beff000000 mov esi, 0xff ; 255
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| 0x00400824 4889c7 mov rdi, rax
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| 0x00400827 e8b4fdffff call sym.imp.fgets ; char *fgets(char *s, int size, FILE *stream)
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| 0x0040082c 4885c0 test rax, rax
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| ,=< 0x0040082f 7435 je 0x400866
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| | 0x00400831 488d85f0feff. lea rax, [local_110h]
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| | 0x00400838 4889c7 mov rdi, rax
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| | 0x0040083b e8bdfeffff call fcn.004006fd ; 调用验证函数
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| | 0x00400840 85c0 test eax, eax
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| ,==< 0x00400842 7511 jne 0x400855
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| || 0x00400844 bf4c094000 mov edi, str.Nice_ ; 0x40094c ; "Nice!"
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| || 0x00400849 e852fdffff call sym.imp.puts ; int puts(const char *s)
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| || 0x0040084e b800000000 mov eax, 0
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| ,===< 0x00400853 eb16 jmp 0x40086b
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| ||| ; JMP XREF from 0x00400842 (main)
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| |`--> 0x00400855 bf52094000 mov edi, str.Incorrect_password_ ; 0x400952 ; "Incorrect password!"
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| | | 0x0040085a e841fdffff call sym.imp.puts ; int puts(const char *s)
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| | | 0x0040085f b801000000 mov eax, 1
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| |,==< 0x00400864 eb05 jmp 0x40086b
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| ||| ; JMP XREF from 0x0040082f (main)
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| ||`-> 0x00400866 b800000000 mov eax, 0
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| || ; JMP XREF from 0x00400864 (main)
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| || ; JMP XREF from 0x00400853 (main)
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| ``--> 0x0040086b 488b4df8 mov rcx, qword [local_8h]
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| 0x0040086f 6448330c2528. xor rcx, qword fs:[0x28]
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| ,=< 0x00400878 7405 je 0x40087f
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| | 0x0040087a e831fdffff call sym.imp.__stack_chk_fail ; void __stack_chk_fail(void)
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| | ; JMP XREF from 0x00400878 (main)
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| `-> 0x0040087f c9 leave
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\ 0x00400880 c3 ret
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[0x00400610]> pdf @ fcn.004006fd
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/ (fcn) fcn.004006fd 171
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| fcn.004006fd (int arg_bh);
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| ; var int local_38h @ rbp-0x38
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| ; var int local_24h @ rbp-0x24
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| ; var int local_20h @ rbp-0x20
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| ; var int local_18h @ rbp-0x18
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| ; var int local_10h @ rbp-0x10
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| ; arg int arg_bh @ rbp+0xb
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| ; CALL XREF from 0x0040083b (main)
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| 0x004006fd 55 push rbp
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| 0x004006fe 4889e5 mov rbp, rsp
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| 0x00400701 48897dc8 mov qword [local_38h], rdi
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| 0x00400705 c745dc000000. mov dword [local_24h], 0
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| 0x0040070c 48c745e01409. mov qword [local_20h], str.Dufhbmf ; 0x400914 ; "Dufhbmf"
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| 0x00400714 48c745e81c09. mov qword [local_18h], str.pG_imos ; 0x40091c ; "pG`imos"
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| 0x0040071c 48c745f02409. mov qword [local_10h], str.ewUglpt ; 0x400924 ; "ewUglpt"
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| 0x00400724 c745dc000000. mov dword [local_24h], 0
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| ,=< 0x0040072b eb6e jmp 0x40079b
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| | ; JMP XREF from 0x0040079f (fcn.004006fd)
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| .--> 0x0040072d 8b4ddc mov ecx, dword [local_24h]
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| :| 0x00400730 ba56555555 mov edx, 0x55555556
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| :| 0x00400735 89c8 mov eax, ecx
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| :| 0x00400737 f7ea imul edx
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| :| 0x00400739 89c8 mov eax, ecx
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| :| 0x0040073b c1f81f sar eax, 0x1f
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| :| 0x0040073e 29c2 sub edx, eax
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| :| 0x00400740 89d0 mov eax, edx
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| :| 0x00400742 01c0 add eax, eax
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| :| 0x00400744 01d0 add eax, edx
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| :| 0x00400746 29c1 sub ecx, eax
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| :| 0x00400748 89ca mov edx, ecx
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| :| 0x0040074a 4863c2 movsxd rax, edx
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| :| 0x0040074d 488b74c5e0 mov rsi, qword [rbp + rax*8 - 0x20]
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| :| 0x00400752 8b4ddc mov ecx, dword [local_24h]
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| :| 0x00400755 ba56555555 mov edx, 0x55555556
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| :| 0x0040075a 89c8 mov eax, ecx
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| :| 0x0040075c f7ea imul edx
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| :| 0x0040075e 89c8 mov eax, ecx
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| :| 0x00400760 c1f81f sar eax, 0x1f
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| :| 0x00400763 29c2 sub edx, eax
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| :| 0x00400765 89d0 mov eax, edx
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| :| 0x00400767 01c0 add eax, eax
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| :| 0x00400769 4898 cdqe
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| :| 0x0040076b 4801f0 add rax, rsi ; '+'
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| :| 0x0040076e 0fb600 movzx eax, byte [rax]
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| :| 0x00400771 0fbed0 movsx edx, al
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| :| 0x00400774 8b45dc mov eax, dword [local_24h]
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| :| 0x00400777 4863c8 movsxd rcx, eax
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| :| 0x0040077a 488b45c8 mov rax, qword [local_38h]
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| :| 0x0040077e 4801c8 add rax, rcx ; '&'
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| :| 0x00400781 0fb600 movzx eax, byte [rax]
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| :| 0x00400784 0fbec0 movsx eax, al
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| :| 0x00400787 29c2 sub edx, eax
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| :| 0x00400789 89d0 mov eax, edx
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| :| 0x0040078b 83f801 cmp eax, 1 ; 1
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| ,===< 0x0040078e 7407 je 0x400797 ; = 1 时跳转，验证成功
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| |:| 0x00400790 b801000000 mov eax, 1 ; 返回 1，验证失败
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| ,====< 0x00400795 eb0f jmp 0x4007a6
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| ||:| ; JMP XREF from 0x0040078e (fcn.004006fd)
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| |`---> 0x00400797 8345dc01 add dword [local_24h], 1 ; i = i + 1
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| | :| ; JMP XREF from 0x0040072b (fcn.004006fd)
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| | :`-> 0x0040079b 837ddc0b cmp dword [local_24h], 0xb ; [0xb:4]=-1 ; 11
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| | `==< 0x0040079f 7e8c jle 0x40072d ; i <= 11 时跳转
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| | 0x004007a1 b800000000 mov eax, 0 ; 返回 0
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| | ; JMP XREF from 0x00400795 (fcn.004006fd)
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| `----> 0x004007a6 5d pop rbp
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\ 0x004007a7 c3 ret
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```
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整理后可以得到下面的伪代码：
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```C
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int fcn_004006fd(int *passwd) {
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char *str_1 = "Dufhbmf";
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char *str_2 = "pG`imos";
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char *str_3 = "ewUglpt";
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for (int i = 0; i <= 11; i++) {
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if((&str_3)[i % 3][2 * (1 / 3)] - *(i + passwd) != 1) {
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return 1;
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}
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}
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return 0;
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}
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```
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然后写出逆向脚本：
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```python
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str_list = ["Dufhbmf", "pG`imos", "ewUglpt"]
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passwd = []
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for i in range(12):
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passwd.append(chr(ord(str_list[i % 3][2 * (i / 3)]) - 1))
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print ''.join(passwd)
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```
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逆向算法似乎也很简单，但如果连算法都不用逆的话，下面就是见证 angr 魔力的时刻，我们只需要指定让程序运行到 `0x400844`，即验证通过时的位置，而不用管验证的逻辑是怎么样的。完整的 exp 如下，其他文件在 [github](../src/Others/5.3_angr) 相应文件夹中。
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```python
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import angr
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project = angr.Project("entry_language", auto_load_libs=False)
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@project.hook(0x400844)
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def print_flag(state):
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print "FLAG SHOULD BE:", state.posix.dump_fd(0)
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project.terminate_execution()
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project.execute()
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```
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Bingo!!!
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```
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$ python2 exp_angr.py
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FLAG SHOULD BE: Code_Talkers
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$ ./entry_language
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Enter the password: Code_Talkers
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Nice!
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```
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## 参考资料
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- [angr.io](http://angr.io/)
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- [docs.angr.io](https://docs.angr.io/)
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- [angr API documentation](http://angr.io/api-doc/)
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- [The Art of War:Offensive Techniques in Binary Analysis](https://www.cs.ucsb.edu/~vigna/publications/2016_SP_angrSoK.pdf)
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